CHANGES IN MATTER

• 2 TYPES OF CHANGES

  1. CHEMICAL CHANGE
  2. PHYSICAL CHANGE
• Are those in which extrinsic properties (size, shape, mass, etc) of matter are altered.

  physical change
• They do not involve changes in the composition so that a substance retains its identity.

  No new substance is formed.

  Physical change
• Alters the composition of the substance.

  Substances that tend to react chemically produce new substance/s that have different composition and properties.

  Chemical change
• Changes in matter are always accompanied by energy changes.
• Accompanied by absorption of heat

  Endothermic change
• Is the process in which solid particles in a liquid are removed from or separated by the use of a filter medium that permits the liquid to pass through but retains the solid particles.


  Filtration
• the liquid that passes through the filter and is collected in a container.

  filtrate
• is the solid particles that remain on the filter medium

  residue
• The components of a liquid mixture are separated on the basis of the difference in their boiling temperatures.

  distillation
• In simplest form, distillation involves the mixture and collecting the vapor in a condensation vessel, where it turns back into a liquid.
• The first vapor are those of the substances whose boiling point is the lowest.
• the liquid that distills off

  distillate
• It is the technique used to separate homogeneous mixtures where there are one or more dissolved salts.

  evaporation
• The method derives the liquid components from the solid components.

  Process typically involves heating the mixture until no more liquid remains.

  evaporation
• the solid remains on the evaporating dish.

  residue
• Method is suitable for separating a soluble solid from a liquid.

  evaporation
• is a process used to separate and purify solids.

  crystallization
• It is done by dissolving the impure sold in a small amount of solvent heated at an elevated temperature and allowing the hot solution to cool slowly at room temperature (slow cooling) or rapidly by placing it in a ice bath (rapid cooling).


  crystallization
• The solid that crystallizes out after cooling can be separated by filtration or decantation if the crystals formed are of larger size.
• a separation technique where a device called centrifuge is used to rapidly spin liquid samples.

  centrifugation
• The solid that separates out is called residue.
• Sedimentation allows solid particles in suspension to sink or settle out of the liquid in which they are suspended in response to the force due to gravity.
• decantation is a laboratory process used to separate the components of liquid-solid or immiscible liquid-liquid mixtures by allowing the components to settle and separate by gravity
• It is the process of separating components of mixtures by using magnets to attract magnetic materials leaving behind the non-magnetic materials.


  magnetic separation
• It is the process of separating a solid-solid mixture where one component is changed from solid to vapor without passing through the liquid state when heated under the normal atmospheric condition.

  sublimation
• On cooling, the vapor goes back to the solid state.

  sublimation
• The other component, usually an impurity, is non-sublimable and therefore remains a solid and is called residue.