Lahatan

• What are the three key parts of the eye that focus light and form an image on the retina?

  Cornea, Lens, and Retina
• How do photoreceptors in the retina function?


  They detect light and color, converting them into electrical signals.
• What is the role of the optic nerve?


  It transmits visual information from the retina to the brain.
• What is the function of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)?


  It acts as a relay center in the brain for visual information.
• Where is the primary visual cortex (V1) located?


  In the occipital lobe of the brain.
• How does the brain perceive depth?


  By using signals from both eyes to perceive three-dimensional space.
• What role do cones play in color vision?


  They help the brain interpret wavelengths of light to perceive color.
• How does the brain process movement?

  Through specialized cells in the retina and visual cortex.
• What is the function of the visual cortex?


  It specializes in processing aspects like motion, color, and shapes.
• How does higher-level processing in the brain work?


  It integrates visual information with memory, attention, and emotion.
• What is amblyopia commonly known as?


  Lazy Eye
• What causes cortical blindness?


  Damage to the visual cortex, despite healthy eyes.
• What does color vision deficiency indicate?


  That color perception occurs in the brain, not in the light itself.
• What are saccades?


  Rapid movements of the eye controlled by the brain.
• What is the vestibulo-ocular reflex?


  It helps stabilize vision during head movements.
• How does hand-eye coordination function?


  It connects visual input with motor output for activities like sports.
• What role does light play in circadian rhythms?


  It regulates sleep-wake cycles through the hypothalamus.
• How does blue light affect brain function?


  It influences alertness, mood, and sleep.
• What is the blind spot in the retina also known as?


  Optic disc
• Why does the blind spot exist?

  Because it is where the optic nerve exits the retina, lacking photoreceptors.
• How do our brains compensate for the blind spot?


  By filling in missing information based on surrounding visual data.
• How can you test for your blind spot?


  By covering one eye and moving an object in your peripheral vision until it disappears.
• What can cause an enlarged blind spot?


  Conditions like glaucoma or optic neuritis affecting the optic nerve.
• What are visual field tests used for?

  To map the blind spot and check for abnormal changes in size.
• Who proposed the Trichromatic Theory?


  Thomas Young
• What does the Trichromatic Theory suggest about color vision?


  It is based on the activity of three types of photoreceptor cells in the retina.
• What are the three types of cones in the retina according to the Trichromatic Theory?


  1. cones, M-cones, and L-cones
• How does the Opponent-Process Theory explain color perception?


  It suggests that color perception is controlled by opposing pairs of color receptors.
• What are the opposing pairs in the Opponent-Process Theory?


  Red vs. Green, Blue vs. Yellow, Black vs. White
• What phenomenon does the Opponent-Process Theory explain?


  Afterimages, such as seeing a green afterimage after staring at a red object.
• Who proposed the Retinex Theory?


  Edwin Land
• What does the Retinex Theory address?


  How the brain perceives colors in varying lighting conditions.
• What is the Dual Process Theory?


  A combination of the Trichromatic and Opponent-Process Theories for color processing.
• How does the brain process visual information?


  Through a complex series of steps starting when light enters the eye.
• What is the first step in processing visual information?

  Light capture through the cornea and pupil.
• What is the role of the lens in the eye?


  To adjust its shape to focus light onto the retina.
• What is phototransduction?


  The process of converting light into electrical signals in the retina.
• What happens at the optic chiasm?


  Some nerve fibers cross to the opposite side, enhancing depth perception.
• What is the function of the thalamus in visual processing?


  It acts as a relay station for processing and organizing visual information.
• What is the primary visual cortex (V1) responsible for?


  Analyzing basic features like edges, orientation, and motion.