Joint Type and Muscle Origin and Insertion.pptx

• What are the types of synovial joints mentioned in the study material?


  Plane joints, hinge joints, pivot joints, ellipsoid joints, saddle joints, ball-and-socket joints
• What are the characteristics of plane joints?


  • Flat or slightly curved joint
  • Permit limited movements (back-and-forth, side-to-side, rotational)
  • Biaxial and triaxial movement
  • Examples: intercarpal joints, acromioclavicular joints
• What defines hinge joints?


  • Convex surface of one bone fits into the concave surface of another
  • Angular opening-and-closing motion
  • Uniaxial movement (flexion and extension)
  • Examples: elbow, knee, ankle
• What are the features of pivot joints?


  • Rounded or pointed surface articulates with a ring formed by another bone and a ligament
  • Uniaxial movement (rotation around its longitudinal axis)
  • Examples: atlanto-axial joint, proximal radioulnar joint
• Describe ellipsoid joints.


  • Convex oval-shaped projection fits into an oval-shaped depression
  • Biaxial movement (flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, limited circumduction)
  • Examples: radiocarpal joint, metacarpophalangeal joints
• What are the characteristics of saddle joints?


  • One bone has a saddle-shaped joint, the other fits into it
  • Biaxial movement (flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, limited circumduction)
  • Examples: carpometacarpal joint, sternoclavicular joint
• What defines ball-and-socket joints?


  • Ball-like surface of one bone fits into a cup-like surface of another
  • Triaxial movement (flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, rotational)
  • Examples: glenohumeral joints, hip joints
• How do skeletal muscles produce movement?


  Skeletal muscles produce movement by exerting a force on a tendon
• What role do tendons play in muscle movement?


  Tendons pull structures such as bones or skin
• How many joints do most muscles cross?


  Most muscles cross at least one joint, some may cross two joints
• What is the origin and insertion of a muscle?


  • Origin: attachment of a muscle’s tendon to a stationary bone
  • Insertion: attachment of the muscle’s tendon to the moveable bone
  • For extremities: origin is usually proximal, insertion is usually distal
• Why does the bone of origin remain stationary?


  The bone of origin remains stationary due to other muscles pulling it or due to its structure
• What happens to the insertion during muscle contraction?


  The insertion is usually pulled toward the origin