Reproduction

• What is meiosis?


  A type of cell division that forms gametes
• What are gametes?


  Sperm and egg cells in animals, pollen and egg cells in flowering plants
• Why is meiosis important for reproduction?


  It reduces the number of chromosomes in gametes by half
• What happens during fertilization?


  Male and female gametes fuse, restoring the normal number of chromosomes
• What is the diploid number?


  The normal number of chromosomes in an organism
• What is a zygote?


  The fertilized egg
• What process does the zygote undergo after fertilization?


  It begins to divide by mitosis
• What is the role of differentiation in embryonic development?


  It forms specialized cells, tissues, and organs
• What are the key steps in the process of meiosis?


  1. Replication of genetic material
  2. Two divisions to form four gametes
  3. Genetic variation through random assortment and crossing over
• What are the main outcomes of meiosis and fertilization?


  • Meiosis produces gametes with half the chromosome number
  • Fertilization restores the full chromosome count
  • Genetic variation arises from meiosis
  • The zygote grows through mitosis
• What type of cells does meiosis produce?


  Non-identical cells
• Why is meiosis essential for sexual reproduction?


  It allows for the fusion of male and female gametes
• What are the male and female gametes in animals?

  Sperm and egg cells
• What are the male and female gametes in flowering plants?

  Pollen and egg cells
• What are the key points of meiosis?


  • Involves two rounds of division
  • Introduces genetic variation from both parents
  • Results in haploid cells
• How many rounds of division occur in meiosis?


  Two rounds of division
• What is the significance of genetic variation in meiosis?


  It contributes to diversity in offspring
• What type of cells does meiosis produce in terms of chromosome number?


  Haploid cells
• What happens to haploid cells during fertilization?


  They combine to restore the diploid state
• What type of cells does mitosis produce?


  Identical cells
• What is the primary purpose of mitosis?


  For growth, repair, and asexual reproduction
• What are the key points of mitosis?


  • Only one round of division
  • Daughter cells are clones of the parent cell
  • Results in diploid cells
• How many rounds of division occur in mitosis?


  One round of division
• What is the chromosome number in daughter cells produced by mitosis compared to the parent cell?


  The same as the parent cell
• What type of reproduction involves the mixing of genetic information?

  Sexual reproduction
• What is the result of sexual reproduction?

  Genetic diversity in offspring
• How are gametes formed in sexual reproduction?


  Through meiosis
• What type of reproduction involves only one parent?

  Asexual reproduction
• What is the outcome of asexual reproduction?


  Genetically identical offspring
• What process produces genetically identical offspring in asexual reproduction?

  Mitosis
• How do meiosis and mitosis differ in terms of genetic variation and cell type produced?


  • Meiosis:
  • Produces non-identical cells
  • Introduces genetic variation
  • Mitosis:
  • Produces identical cells
  • No genetic variation
• What are the implications of sexual and asexual reproduction on genetic diversity?


  • Sexual reproduction:
  • Increases genetic diversity
  • Asexual reproduction:
  • Produces genetically identical offspring