Anatomia e histologia

• What is the primary focus of dentistry according to the study material?

  Dental restorations for issues like caries, fractures, and aesthetics.
• What are the requirements for a good dental restoration?

  • Best reproduction of the original tooth shape
  • Avoid premature occlusion
  • Avoid infraocclusion
  • Facilitate food sliding
  • Transmit masticatory forces
  • Prevent food impaction
  • Protect the periodontium
  • Aesthetic considerations
• Why is knowledge of tooth anatomy important for restorations?


  It helps in idealizing and reproducing the tooth structure accurately.
• How many teeth are in the permanent dentition?


  32 teeth.
• What are the types of teeth and their functions?

  • Incisors: Cutting
  • Canines: Tearing
  • Premolars: Tearing and grinding
  • Molars: Grinding
• What does the two-digit nomenclature for teeth indicate?


  The first digit indicates the quadrant, and the second digit indicates the tooth's position.
• What does the number 23 represent in dental nomenclature?


  The 3rd tooth in the 2nd quadrant, which is the upper left canine.
• What are the five surfaces of a tooth?

  • Vestibular
  • Palatine
  • Lingual
  • Interproximal
  • Oclusal
• What is the significance of the cervical area of a tooth?


  It is the narrowest part of the tooth and is prone to specific types of caries.
• What is the equator of a tooth?


  The widest area of the tooth.
• Why is the convexity of teeth important?


  It helps in food flow during mastication, reducing plaque accumulation.
• What constitutes the interproximal space?

  • Marginal ridge
  • Contact zone/surface
  • Interproximal face
  • Gingival papilla
• What can result from incorrect reproduction of the interproximal space?


  It can lead to secondary caries, periodontal lesions, and tooth loss.
• What is enamel and its characteristics?


  • Highly mineralized tissue
  • Rigid and protective layer
  • Low permeability
  • Organized in prisms
  • Non-regenerative
• How does enamel interact with the oral environment?


  It is soluble in acidic environments and interacts with saliva.
• What is the main mineral component of enamel?

  Hydroxyapatite.
• What happens to enamel when it loses dentin support?


  It becomes more brittle and prone to fracturing.
• What is the role of fluoride in dental health?


  Fluoride forms fluorapatite, which is more resistant and less soluble than hydroxyapatite.
• What is the chemical formula for hydroxyapatite?


  $Ca_{10}(PO_4)_6(OH)_2$
• What is the effect of fluoride on the rate of demineralization?


  Fluoride decreases the rate of demineralization.
• What is the term for the condition involving the backward flow of stomach contents into the esophagus?


  Refluxo gástrico
• What happens to the enamel when dentin is lost?


  The enamel becomes more brittle and tends to fracture.
• What are the weight and volume percentages of the mineral component in dentin and enamel?


  • Enamel:
  • Weight: 95%
  • Volume: 86%
  • Dentin:
  • Weight: 5%
  • Volume: 12%
• What is the primary mineral component of enamel?

  Hidroxiapatite
• What is the chemical formula for hidroxiapatite?


  The formula is $Ca_{10}(PO_4)_6(OH)_2$.
• What effect does fluoride have on hidroxiapatite?


  Fluoride forms fluorapatite, which is more resistant and less soluble.
• What is the thickness of the amelo-dentin junction?


  30 μm
• What is the role of the amelo-dentin junction?


  It serves as a protective interface between enamel and dentin.
• What is the composition of the pulp-dentin organ?


  It consists of pulp and dentin.
• What is the primary function of the pulp in the tooth?


  The pulp provides sensitivity to the dentin.
• What percentage of dentin is composed of mineral components?


  45 to 50%
• How is dentin produced?

  Dentin is produced by odontoblasts that move centripetally.
• What are the classifications of dentin based on morphology, chronology, and histology?

  • Morphological:
  • Dentina Peritubular
  • Dentina Intertubular
  • Chronological:
  • Primária
  • Secundária
  • Terciária
  • Histological:
  • Ortodentina
  • Dentina Atubular
  • Dentina tubular típica
• What is the difference between primary, secondary, and tertiary dentin?


  Primary dentin forms initially, secondary dentin forms throughout life, and tertiary dentin forms in response to aggression.
• What are the two types of tertiary dentin and their characteristics?


  Reacional dentin forms from slow aggression, while reparadora dentin forms from aggressive stimuli.
• What is dentina esclerótica and when does it form?

  Dentina esclerótica forms in response to slow aggression and fills the dentinal tubules.
• What are the clinical implications of dentin in restorative dentistry?


  • Variable substrate based on location
  • Higher water and organic matter content in depth
  • Interference with adhesion mechanisms
  • Increased diffusion of products to the pulp chamber
• Why does the composition of dentin affect adhesion to restorative materials?


  The higher water and organic matter content in dentin complicates adhesion.