Lecture XII

• The Nervous System. Primary function is communication
• The Nervous System. Cells are excitable (a state)
• The Nervous System. Creates cell membrane potentials by changing the electrical activity of the cell
• The Nervous System. Moves ions sodium (Na) and potassium (K) across the cell membrane
• The Nervous System. Cells are irritable, meaning they respond to stimuli
• The Nervous System. Our sensitivity to stimuli is based on our receptors
• The Nervous System. Receptors limited based on type
• Central Nervous System. Brain: in cranial cavity
• Central Nervous System. Brain. No sensory receptors
• Central Nervous System. Brain. Can only integrate information
• Central Nervous System. Brain. Poorly understood
• Central Nervous System. Brain. Video game example in regards to quality and simplicity, the brain is complex so it is like Wukong
• Central Nervous System. Spinal cord: connected to the brain
• Central Nervous System. Spinal cord. Will run through vertebral (spinal) cavity
• Central Nervous System. Spinal cord. No sensory receptors
• Central Nervous System. Spinal cord. Limited integration capacity
• Central Nervous System. Spinal cord. Runs signals to and from brain
• Central Nervous System. Spinal cord. Video game example in regards to quality and simplicity, the spinal cord is simple so it is like Pong
• Peripheral Nervous System. Any neurons with any part that passes out of cranial or spinal cavities
• Peripheral Nervous System. Afferent/Sensory Nerves. Group of neurons
• Peripheral Nervous System. Afferent/Sensory Nerves. Afferent as in adding something like information
• Peripheral Nervous System. Afferent/Sensory Nerves. Send sensory information to the central nervous system
• Peripheral Nervous System. Efferent/Motor Nerves. Signals exit the central nervous system
• Peripheral Nervous System. Efferent/Motor Nerves. Only signal if brain and spinal cord tell it to
• Peripheral Nervous System. Afferent or sensory nerves are like detecting a mosquito bite while efferent or motor nerves are like scratching a mosquito bite
• Peripheral Nervous System. Efferent/Motor Nerves. Somatic Nerves. Send efferent signals to skeletal muscles only
• Peripheral Nervous System. Efferent/Motor Nerves. Somatic Nerves. Can only use acetylcholine
• Peripheral Nervous System. Efferent/Motor Nerves. Autonomic Nerves. Control effectors involuntary
• Peripheral Nervous System. Efferent/Motor Nerves. Autonomic Nerves. Cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, exocrine glands, and adipose tissue are for vital functions and homeostasis
• Peripheral Nervous System. Efferent/Motor Nerves. Autonomic Nerves. Sympathetic Division. Fight or flight
• Peripheral Nervous System. Efferent/Motor Nerves. Autonomic Nerves. Sympathetic Division. Increase metabolism
• Peripheral Nervous System. Efferent/Motor Nerves. Autonomic Nerves. Parasympathetic Division. Rest and digest or feed and breed
• Peripheral Nervous System. Efferent/Motor Nerves. Autonomic Nerves. Parasympathetic Division. Slow overall metabolism
• Peripheral Nervous System. Efferent/Motor Nerves. Autonomic Nerves. Parasympathetic Division. Should be dominant division
• Neuronal Structure. Neuron is like the celebrity or the main part, while the neuroglia are the entourage or around it
• Neuronal Structure. Neuron function is communication
• Neuronal Structure. Neuroglia function is to support cells
• Neuronal Structure. Basic Multipolar Neuron. Dendrites: receives information
• Neuronal Structure. Basic Multipolar Neuron. Dendrites. Stimulus could by physical such as light or pressure, or chemical such as neurotransmitters
• Neuronal Structure. Basic Multipolar Neuron. Dendrites. Always many of these