yearlies

• What does the term "soluble" mean?


  Can dissolve in the solvent
• What does the term "insoluble" mean?


  Cannot dissolve in the solvent
• What is a solute?


  Substance which can dissolve
• What is a solvent?


  Liquid in which substance can dissolve
• What is a solution?


  Mixture of solvent and solute
• What is a suspension?


  Mixture of insoluble substance and solvent
• Which salts are soluble?

  All sodium, potassium and ammonium salts
• Which nitrates are soluble?


  All nitrates
• Which halides are mostly soluble?


  Most chlorides, bromides and iodides
• Which halides are exceptions to solubility?


  Silver and lead halides
• Which sulphates are exceptions to solubility?


  Lead, barium and calcium sulphates
• Which carbonates are soluble?


  Sodium, potassium and ammonium carbonates
• Which hydroxides are soluble?


  Sodium, potassium, ammonium and calcium hydroxide
• What is a precipitation reaction?


  A reaction that produces an insoluble compound
• Why is it impossible to predict precipitation reactions?


  We need to know the solubility of reactants and products
• What is a double displacement reaction?


  When cations and anions of two reactants switch places
• What are the steps to write a word equation for precipitation reactions?


  • Reactant + Reactant → Product + Product
• What does (aq) indicate in a precipitation reaction equation?


  Dissolved in water
• What is the formula for ammonium ion?


  NH4+
• What is the formula for hydroxide ion?


  OH-
• What is the formula for sulfate ion? SO4-2
• What is the formula for nitrate ion?


  NO3-
• What is the formula for carbonate ion?


  CO32-
• What does the SNAAP rule refer to?


  Sodium, Nitrate, Acetate, Ammonium, Potassium do not form precipitates
• How can you predict products in a precipitation reaction?

  Using the SNAAP rules
• What is the Law of Conservation of Mass?


  Total mass of products equals total mass of reactants
• How can you demonstrate the Law of Conservation of Mass?


  By performing a precipitation reaction quantitatively
• How are new substances formed during chemical reactions?


  By rearranging atoms/ions without creating or destroying them
• What happens to mass in open systems during reactions?


  Mass appears to change due to gas escaping
• What happens to mass in closed systems during reactions?


  Mass does not change
• What is an ionic compound?


  Forms when a metal donates electrons to a non-metal
• What is an ionic bond?


  The attraction between positive and negative ions
• What is the formula for simple ionic compounds?


  It is based on the charges of the ions involved
• How do kidney stones form?


  From the precipitation of calcium oxalate
• What is the reaction between an acid and a carbonate?


  Produces a salt, carbon dioxide, and water
• What is the general equation for acid + carbonate reactions?


  ACID + CARBONATE → CARBON DIOXIDE + WATER + SALT
• How can you test for carbon dioxide?


  By passing it through limewater
• What happens when carbon dioxide is passed through limewater?


  Produces a milky solution due to calcium carbonate precipitation
• What is the reaction of sodium carbonate with hydrochloric acid?


  Produces gas and can be tested with limewater
• What is the word equation for acid and carbonate reactions?


  Acid + Metal Carbonate → Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide