[2.3] Migration

• migration


  The movement of a person or a group of persons, either across an international border or within a state.
• who defined the key concepts on migration?

  International Organization for Migration
• asylum seeker


  A person who seeks safety from persecution or serious harm in a country other than his or her own and awaits a decision on the application for refugee status under relevant international and national instruments.
• brain drain


  Emigration of trained and talented individuals from their country of origin to another country results in a depletion of skills and resources in the former.
• emigration


  The act of departing or exiting from one state with a view to settling in another.
• forced migration


  A migratory movement in which an element of coercion exists, including threats to life and livelihood, whether arising from natural or man-made causes.
• immigration


  A process by which non-nationals move into a country for the purpose of settlement.
• labor migration


  Movement of persons from one state to another, or within their own country of residence, for the purpose of employment.
• remittances


  Money earned or acquired by non-nationals that are transferred back to their country of origin.
• push and pull factors


  The factors that drive people to leave their country and the pull factors attracting them to the country of destination.
• refugee


  Persons who flee their country “because their lives, security or freedom have been threatened by generalized violence, foreign aggression, internal conflicts, massive violations of human rights or other circumstances which have seriously disturbed public order.” (1984 Cartagena Declaration).
• factors that lead people to migrate

  • push factors
  • pull factors
• push factors


  Reasons why people leave a place.
• push factors

  • Crime and war
  • unemployment
  • disaster (typhoon, drought, or earthquake)
  • lack of quality education and poor healthcare
  • religious/political persecution
• pull factors


  Reasons why people move to a place.
• pull factors

  • job opportunities
  • safe and peaceful environment
  • quality education and advanced healthcare
  • less risk from natural hazards 
  • religious/political freedom
• on the origin country of migrants

  positive

  • Remittance
  • Decreased pressure on job and resources
• on the origin country of migrants

  negative

  • Brain Drain
  • Division of families
• on destination country

  positive

  • Additional Labor
  • Cultural Diversity
• on destination country

  negative

  • Cultural Conflict
  • Increase in the cost of social services.
• issues on migration

  • tnt
  • human trafficking
  • human displacement
  • illegal recruitment
  • culture shock
  • xenophobia
• TNT


  a term referring to Filipinos who hide from government authorities abroad to continue staying and working in a foreign country without legal documents
• meaning of TNT

  tago ng tago
• human trafficking


  Act of recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring, or receipt of people through force, fraud, or deception, with the aim of exploiting them for profit (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime).
• human displacement


  People move from one place to another which may be against their will.
• illegal recruitment


  Any act of canvassing, enlisting, contracting, transporting, utilizing, hiring, or procuring workers and includes referring, contract services, promising or advertising for employment abroad, whether for profit or not, when undertaken by a non-license or non-holder of authority or legal/official documents.
• culture shock


  The feeling of uncertainty, confusion, or anxiety that might be experienced when visiting or living in a new environment or country.
• xenophobia


  Strong and unreasonable dislike or fear of people from other countries.
• department of migrant workers

  • Tasked to protect the rights and promote the welfare of overseas Filipino workers (OFWs).
  • Performs the functions of seven merged agencies
  • Mandated to facilitate the overseas employment and reintegration of Filipino workers, while taking into consideration the national development programs of the NEDA.
  • Tasked to promote the empowerment and protection of OFWs through continuous training and knowledge development.
• What are the seven agencies that the Department of Migrant Workers performs the functions?

  • POEA
  • OUMWA
  • ILAB
  • POLO
  • NMP
  • NRC
  • OSWA
• what does POEA stand for?

  Philippine Overseas Employment Administration
• what does OUMWA stand for?

  Office of the Undersecretary for Migrant Workers' Affairs
• what does ILAB stand for?

  International Labor Affairs Bureau
• what does POLO stand for?

  Philippine Overseas Labor Office
• what does OSWA stand for?

  Office of the Social Welfare Attache
• officer-in-chare at the Department of Migrant Workers

  Usec. Hans Leo Cacdac
• POEA


  Philippine Overseas Employment Administration