organising animals and plants -B4

• What is the role of the respiratory system?

  To provide oxygen for respiration and remove carbon dioxide
• What is the pathway of air during breathing?

  Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
• What happens in the alveoli during gas exchange?

  Oxygen diffuses into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses out
• What is the function of hemoglobin in red blood cells?

  To bind oxygen for transport
• What is the structure of the heart?

  The heart has four chambers: right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle
• What is the role of valves in the heart?

  To prevent backflow of blood
• What is the difference between arteries and veins?

  Arteries carry oxygenated blood, while veins carry deoxygenated blood
• Why do arteries have thicker walls than veins?

  To withstand higher pressure
• What is coronary heart disease (CHD)?

  A condition caused by the buildup of fatty deposits in coronary arteries
• What is the purpose of statins?

  To reduce cholesterol and fatty deposits
• What is cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

  A non-communicable disease caused by internal factors
• What is a communicable disease?

  A disease caused by a pathogen that enters the body
• What can occur if coronary arteries are blocked by fatty deposits?

  A heart attack can occur
• What does CHD stand for?

  Coronary heart disease
• What are stents used for?

  To keep blood vessels open
• What is the function of statins?

  They reduce cholesterol levels
• What happens when faulty heart valves are present?

  Backflow of blood occurs
• What components does blood carry besides red blood cells?

  White blood cells and platelets
• What is the role of glucose in metabolism?

  It is used for energy and building blocks for other compounds
• What are amino acids used for in metabolism?

  For protein synthesis
• What happens to excess proteins in the body?

  They are converted into urea