WQ1 PREP

• What is a social group?


  A collection of two or more people who interact with each other
• What is a dyad?


  A social group of two people
• Why is a triad stronger than a dyad?


  Because it has the presence of a mediator
• What are the characteristics of primary social groups?


  • Intimate, long-lasting relationships
  • Involves few people with face-to-face interactions
  • Deep and mutual emotional commitment
• Who identified primary groups as "nurseries for development"?


  Sociologist Charles Cooley
• What are the types of reference groups?


  1. Informal Reference Group
  2. Formal Reference Group
  3. Comparative Reference Group
• What is an informal reference group?


  Those we have personal relationships with built from shared interest
• What is the basic unit of society?

  The family
• What is a nuclear family?


  Composed of parents and children
• What is a transnational family?


  A family with one or more members living in another country
• What are the functions of a family?


  • Orient individuals to societal norms
  • Provide physical support as individuals mature
• What is consanguineous kinship?


  Kinship by blood or birth
• What is polygamy?


  The practice of having more than one wife or husband at the same time
• What is patrilocal residence?


  Living with the groom's family
• What is matrilineal descent?


  When the bride's family is more important
• What are the three branches of a constitution?


  1. Legislative
  2. Executive
  3. Judicial
• What is the role of the legislative branch?


  To make the laws
• What is the power of the executive branch?


  To carry out the laws
• Who leads the judicial branch?

  The Chief Justice
• What is the definition of power in a political context?


  The capacity to realize desired ends despite opposition
• What are the different political organizations?

  1. Bands
  2. Tribes
  3. Chiefdoms
  4. Nations and States
• What is a band in political organization?


  The simplest political system consisting of 20-50 individuals
• What characterizes chiefdoms?


  A complex political system incorporating religion, kinship, and politics
• What is a nation-state?


  A political unit consisting of a government with sovereignty over a defined territory
• What is the difference between a nation and a state?


  A nation is a group of people with shared culture, while a state is a political unit
• FUNCTIONS OF SOCIAL GROUP

  1. Support and Belonging

  • emotional and social support

  2. Socialization

  • Learning norms and behaviors

  3. Goals and Achievement

  • Tasks to accomplish

  4. Social Control (Moral Control)

  • Regulating behaviors
• Kinship


  • Related by blood
  • Social institutions that refer to relations formed in the society
• Types of Kinship

  • Consaguineal Kinship - by blood or birth

  Affinal Kinship - by marriage

  • Compadrazgo Kinship - Godparents; Kinship by ritual
  • Political Dynasty - Family members involved in politics for several generations
  • Political Alliances - Parties who agree to cooperate for a common goal
  • Descent - Origin or background of a person in terms of family or nationality
• Forms of Marriage

  • Monogamy - One man and one woman married only to each other at a given time
  • Polygamy - The practice or custom of having more than one wife or husband at the same time.
  • Polygyny - Man and many women
  • Polyandry - Woman and many women
  • Cenogamy - Many man and many women
  • Endogamy - Only within a specific ethnic group
  • Exogamy - Only outside a specific ethnic group
• Forms of Membership

  • Conjugal or Nuclear - Primary members of that family
  • Extended or Consanguine Family - Grandparents, cousin, etc
• Forms of Residence

  • Patrilocal - Living with the groom's family
  • Matrilocal - Living with the wife's family
  • Neolocal - Living with neither family, and choosing to create a home of their own
• Forms of Descent


  • Patrilineal - The groom's family is more important
  • Matrilineal - The bride's family is more important
  • Bilineal - Both sides of the families are important
• Forms of Authority

  • Patriarchal - The groom makes the decisions
  • Matriarchal - The bride makes the decision
  • Equilitarian - Both bride and groom make decisions equally
• Primary groups


  • Unconsciously organized groups; usually involved the people in a person's early social interactions
  • examples include nuclear family and close friends
  • Characteristics : Intimate, long-lasting relationships; usually involves only a few people with face-to-face interactions, can confide personal needs with one another; presence of deep and mutual emotional commitment
• Secondary group


  • Consciously organized and driven by common interest. Primary groups may spring from secondary groups
  • examples include groups in school at work
  • Characteristics: Impersonal and casual relationships; short-term or temporary; with specific, identifies shared interest and goals; delibreate guidelines and rules; composed of a larger number of people; less emotional, more tareted commitment.
• Reference groups 


  • Groups that serve as a standard or guide which we compare and evaluate ourselves to one can also aspire to be part of a certain reference group
  • Characteristics : Can be a group we currently belong to or not belong to; can help us identify social norms; can be many, different groups we refer to.
• Types of Family

  • Nuclear Family
  • Composed of parents and children
  • Extended Family
  • Composed of a nuclear family and extended family members (Relatives, etc. )
  • Separated Family
  • Family members are separated because of separations of parents or war
  • Transnational Family
  • Has one or more family member of the family that lives in another country