definitions of abnormality

• definitions of abnormality 1) - statistical infrequency


  any behavior that is statistically rare is abnormal based on the normal distribution curve. top and bottom 2.5% are abnormal

  limitations:

  • takes no account of the desirability of a behavior. eg. 130+ IQ isnt 'abnormal'
  • many disorders have rates over 5%. eg depression is currently experienced by 16% in the UK
• definitions of abnormality 2) - deviation from social norms 


  any behavior that violates the unwritten rules on what is acceptable behavior (social norms) is abnormal.

  limitations:

  • social norms may change between cultures over time, and consequently so do peoples conceptions of abnormality. eg homosexuality was regarded as a mental illness until 1973
  • some behaviors may be acceptable (and others abnormal) in different cultures. eg hearing voices may sometimes be accepted but is also a symptom of schizophrenia
• definitions of abnormality 3) - failure to function adequately


  people are considered abnormal if they are unable to cope with the demands of everyday life. eg holding down a job, caring for themselves, interacting with others, feeling happy/content.

  limitations:

  • context of the behavior - sometimes failure to function is normal. eg in a bereavement
  • some people may be classified as not functioning adequately but do not have a psychological disorder. eg smoking, drinking, taking drugs
• definitions of abnormality 4) - deviation from ideal mental health


  jahoda suggested we are in good mental health if we meet the following 8 criteria:

  1. positive view of the self
  2. capability for growth and development
  3. self actualisation
  4. autonomy and independence
  5. accurate perception of reality
  6. positive friendships and relationships
  7. resistance to stress
  8. environmental mastery

  limitations:

  
  

  • most people would be considered abnormal under this definition - the criteria are very demanding
  • mental health is subjective - how do we measure someones independence level?