abaphy

• What is physiology the study of?


  Physiology is the study of the FUNCTION of the human body.
• What does anatomy study?

  Anatomy is the study of the structure and shape of the body and body parts.
• What is the origin of the term 'anatomy'?


  The term anatomy comes from Greek words meaning to cut (tome) apart (ana).
• What is gross anatomy?

  Gross anatomy is the study of large, easily observable structures.
• What is microscopic anatomy also known as?


  Microscopic anatomy is also known as cytology and histology.
• What are the divisions of anatomy?

  • Systemic Anatomy
  • Regional Anatomy
  • Surface Anatomy
  • Gross Anatomy
  • Cytology
  • Embryology
  • Comparative Anatomy
• What does systemic anatomy examine?


  Systemic anatomy examines each body system, such as the cardiovascular system.
• What is regional anatomy focused on?


  Regional anatomy focuses on all structures in a certain body region.
• What does surface anatomy examine?

  Surface anatomy examines internal structures related to the overlying skin surface.
• What is cytology?

  Cytology is a subdivision of anatomy that studies the cell structure and function.
• What does embryology focus on?

  Embryology focuses on developmental changes occurring before birth.
• What does comparative anatomy study?

  Comparative anatomy studies the similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species.
• What is histology?

  Histology is a subdivision of anatomy that studies tissues.
• What is physiology concerned with?


  Physiology is concerned with how the body functions, focusing on cellular or molecular activities.
• How are anatomy and physiology related?


  Anatomy and physiology are related because structure determines what functions can take place.
• What are the organ systems listed in the study material?

  The organ systems include Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Cardiovascular, Lymphatic, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary, and Reproductive.
• What are the necessary life functions for maintaining life?

  1. Maintenance of boundaries
  2. Movement
  3. Responsiveness
  4. Digestion
  5. Metabolism
  6. Excretion
  7. Reproduction
  8. Growth
• What is the role of the integumentary system?


  The integumentary system protects internal organs from drying out, bacteria, heat, sunlight, and harmful chemicals.
• What is meant by movement in the context of life functions?

  Movement includes activities promoted by the muscular system and the propulsion of substances through internal organs.
• What is responsiveness in living organisms?


  Responsiveness is the ability to sense changes in the environment and respond to them.
• What is digestion?

  Digestion is the breaking down of ingested foodstuffs to simple molecules that can be absorbed into the blood.
• What does metabolism include?


  Metabolism includes all chemical reactions that occur within body cells, including catabolism and anabolism.
• What is excretion?


  Excretion is the process of removing wastes from the body.
• What is reproduction in living organisms?


  Reproduction is making a whole new person, regulated by the reproductive and endocrine systems.
• What is growth in the context of living organisms?

  Growth is an increase in size of a body part or organism, usually by increasing the number of cells.
• What are the survival needs of living organisms?

  • Nutrients
  • Oxygen
  • Water
  • Normal body temperature
  • Atmospheric pressure
• What role do nutrients play in survival needs?

  Nutrients provide chemical substances used for energy and cell building.
• Why is oxygen important for living organisms?

  Oxygen is required for chemical reactions that release energy from foods.
• What percentage of body weight does water account for?


  Water accounts for 60–80% of body weight.
• What happens to metabolic reactions when body temperature drops below 37°C?


  Metabolic reactions become slower and may eventually stop.
• What is atmospheric pressure's role in survival?


  Atmospheric pressure is necessary for breathing and gas exchange in the lungs.
• What is the consequence of having survival factors in excess or deficit?


  Excesses and deficits of survival factors may be equally harmful.
• What are the levels of anatomical organization?


  • Cells
  • Tissues
  • Organs
  • Organ Systems
  • Organism
• What is the structural level of the body?


  The structural level of the body includes cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organisms.
• What happens to body proteins when body temperature is too high?


  They lose their characteristic shape and stop functioning.
• What can occur at extreme body temperatures?

  Death occurs.
• What system generates most body heat?

  The muscular system.
• What is atmospheric pressure?


  It is the force that air exerts on the surface of the body.
• How does atmospheric pressure affect breathing and gas exchange?


  Breathing and gas exchange depend on appropriate atmospheric pressure.
• What happens to gas exchange at high altitudes?


  Gas exchange may be inadequate to support cellular metabolism.