MycoVirology

• What is the largest and most complex of all viruses?

  Poxviridae (Small Pox)
• What type of virus is Small Pox classified as?

  Enveloped, double-stranded (DS)
• What is a characteristic trait of Small Pox?

  Pustular rash or centrifugal rash with lesions at the same stage of development
• How is Small Pox diagnosed?

  EM of material from lesion; PCR; presence of Guarnieri bodies
• What is the method of treatment for Small Pox?

  Vaccine for Smallpox and supportive treatment
• How is Small Pox transmitted?

  Through respiratory droplets
• What is the characteristic trait of Molluscum Contagiosum?

  Benign nodules, dome-shaped with central umbilication
• How is Molluscum Contagiosum diagnosed?

  Henderson-Patterson bodies
• What is the site of latency for HHV 1?

  Trigeminal ganglia or dorsal root
• What is a characteristic trait of HHV 1?

  Responsible for oral herpes and genital herpes through oral-genital contact
• How is HHV 1 diagnosed?

  Tzanck smear; Cowdry Type A; Cell culture; EIA; FA; PCR
• What is the commonly used treatment for HHV 1?

  Acyclovir
• What is the site of latency for HHV 2?

  Lumbrosacral ganglia or dorsal root
• What is a characteristic trait of HHV 2?

  Causes genital herpes and can also cause oral herpes
• What is the site of latency for Varicella-Zoster (HHV 3)?

  Dorsal root ganglia
• What is a characteristic trait of Varicella-Zoster virus?

  Chicken pox with a "dewdrop on a rose" appearance
• What are the complications associated with Varicella-Zoster virus?

  Encephalitis, Reye’s Syndrome, Pneumonia
• How is Varicella-Zoster virus diagnosed?

  FA stain; cell culture; shell vial culture; PCR; Tzanck smear
• What is the method of treatment for Varicella-Zoster virus?

  Acyclovir and Famciclovir
• What is a characteristic trait of Zoster/Shingles?

  Debilitating painful rash (postherpetic neuralgia)
• What are the effects of congenital infection by Herpes Zoster?

  Short deformed limb covered with cicatrix or zigzag scarring of the skin
• What is the site of latency for Epstein-Barr Virus (HHV 4)?


  B cells
• What disease is Epstein-Barr Virus responsible for?

  Infectious mononucleosis (mono)
• What are the symptoms of infectious mononucleosis?

  Fever, sore throat, fatigue, and swollen lymph nodes
• What types of cancer is Epstein-Barr Virus linked to?

  Burkitt's lymphoma, Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma
• How is Epstein-Barr Virus diagnosed?

  Serology and PCR; presence of “Downey Cells” or “atypical lymphocytes” in blood smears
• What is the site of latency for Cytomegalovirus (HHV 5)?

  WBCs, endothelial cells, and other various cells including CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells, lung cells and salivary glands.
• What can congenital CMV infection cause?

  Developmental and neurological problems in babies
• How is Cytomegalovirus diagnosed?

  • Cell culture using Human embryonic lung or human foreskin fibroblast;
  • presence of giant cells with “Owl eyes” nuclear inclusion
  • CMV virions are shed in Tears, salive, urine, stool, and breastmilk
• What is the site of latency for HHV 6?

  CD4+ T cells
• What illness is HHV 6 commonly associated with?

  Roseola, characterized by high fever followed by a rash
• What diseases is HHV 6 associated with?

  Encephalitis, hepatitis, and certain types of lymphoma
• How is HHV 6 diagnosed?

  PCR, ELISA, IFA, viral culture, serological assays of antigen and antibody detection
• What is the method of treatment for HHV 6?

  Ganciclovir and foscarnet
• What is the site of latency for HHV 7?

  CD4+ T cells
• What is the relationship between HHV 7 and HHV 6?

  HHV 7 is closely related to HHV 6 and can cause similar symptoms
• What is the site of latency for HHV 8?

  Kaposi cells, endothelial cells, and tumor-infiltrating leukocytes
• What disease is HHV 8 associated with?

  Kaposi's sarcoma
• In which population is HHV 8 most commonly seen?

  People with HIV/AIDS or other immunocompromising conditions
• What is the method of treatment for HHV 8?

  Surgical excision and radiation