Anatomy of the skeletal system

• What's the axial skeleton

  The axial skeleton is the part of the skeleton that consists of the bones of the head and trunk of a vertabrae
• What's the appendicular skeleton

  The appendicular skeleton consists of bones of the upper limbs and lower limbs
• List the sections of the spine top to bottom

  Cervical (7)

  Thoracic (12)

  Lumbar (5)

  Sacrum (5, fused)

  Coccyx (4, fused)
• What's a long bone

  Long bones are hard, dense bone that provide strength, structure and mobility
• What's a short bone

  Short bones provide support and stability with little movement
• What's a flat bone

  Provide protection for vital organs and a base for muscular attachment
• What's an irregular bone

  Primarily consist of concellous bone with a thin layer of compact bone
• What's a sesamoid bone

  Relieves tension from within muscles and tendons
• What's the periosteum (bone)

  Tough protective layer of the bone , contains nerves and blood vessels that feed the bone Tough protective layer of the bone
• What's bone marrow

  Produces red and white blood cells
• What's epiphysis

  Rounded ends of the bone
• What's growth plate

  Separates epiphysis from diaphysis and is where growth takes place
• Diaphysis

  Central shaft or long part of the bone
• What's Cancellous bone

  Spongy bone that stores red brown marrow
• What's compact bone

  Hard dense bone that gives strength to the hollow part of the bone and is resistant to bending
• What's Articular cartilage

  Smooth tissue allowing articulation
• What are bony landmarks

  Grooves or prominences found on bones, these help identify the location of other body structures such as muscles
• What's ossification

  Ossification is the process of bone remodeling
• Where do bones grow from

  Bones grow from the ends outwards
• What are osteoblasts

  Bone makers

  Bring calcium to the bone

  Osteoblast activity increases as a result of weight bearing activities
• What are osteoclasts

  Bone breakers

  Destroy or clean away old bone

  Absorbs unnecessary bone / calcium
• What are osteocytes

  Mature bone cells that minister and maintain your bone matrix

  Cells that grow the tissues

  Aid in calcium removal during low calcium levels
• Explain bone remodeling process

  Osteoclasts start to break down the old bone making way for new bone

  Then the osteoclasts follow behind and build the new bone

  This cycle of breaking down and building new bone continues as bones remodel
• What's osteoporosis

  Brittle bone syndrome

  Occurs due to lack of minerals
• What two minerals do bones need

  Calcium

  Vitamin D
• What do ligaments connect

  Bone to bone
• What do tendons connect

  Muscle to bone