Strengths and Weaknesses (Cognitive studies)

• Who conducted the study that discusses strengths and weaknesses related to reliability, objectivity, validity, and generalisations?

  Andrade
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of Andrade's study?

  Strengths:

  • Reliability: Highly standardised procedure, easily replicable.
  • Objectivity: Misheard words counted as correct.

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Validity: 18% detected deception; results unchanged without their scores.
  • Generalisations: More females (87.5%) than males (12.5%); caution in generalising to males.
• What percentage of participants in Andrade's study were female?

  87.5%
• What percentage of participants in Andrade's study were male?

  12.5%
• How did Andrade ensure objectivity in their study?

  By counting misheard words as correct
• What did Andrade check regarding the validity of their study?

  Whether participants detected the deception
• What was the main finding regarding the validity of Andrade's study after re-analysis?

  The results remained the same without the scores of those who detected deception
• What is a limitation of generalising Andrade's findings?

  There were more females than males in the study
• Who conducted the study that discusses strengths and weaknesses related to reliability, validity, objectivity, and generalisations in the context of the eyes test?

  Baron Cohen et al.
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of Baron Cohen et al.'s study?

  Strengths:

  • Reliability: Standardised procedure with the same photos for all participants.

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Validity: Static pictures do not reflect real-life emotions.
  • Objectivity: Answers were right or wrong, requiring no interpretation.
  • Generalisations: Volunteer sampling limits representativeness.
• Why is the validity of Baron Cohen et al.'s study questioned?

  Because the pictures of eyes are static and do not reflect real-life emotions
• What type of sampling was used in Baron Cohen et al.'s study?

  Volunteer sampling
• Who conducted the study that discusses strengths and weaknesses related to validity, reliability, objectivity, and generalisations in the context of a line-up task?

  Pozzulo et al.
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of Pozzulo et al.'s study?

  Strengths:

  • Validity: Repeated measures reduce participant variable effects.

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Reliability: Questions during the filler task were not the same for everyone.
  • Objectivity: Data was quantitative, allowing no interpretation.
  • Generalisations: Findings may not apply to lower socioeconomic backgrounds.
• How did Pozzulo et al. enhance the validity of their study?

  By using repeated measures to reduce participant variable effects
• What was a limitation regarding the reliability of Pozzulo et al.'s study?

  The questions during the filler task were not the same for everyone
• What type of data was obtained in Pozzulo et al.'s study?

  Quantitative data
• Why might the findings of Pozzulo et al.'s study not be generalisable?

  Because the children were from private schools and adults from a university
• What does the participant background in Pozzulo et al.'s study suggest about the generalisability of the findings?

  The findings may not apply to participants from lower socioeconomic backgrounds