influence of public schools

• stage 1 (1790 - 1828)

  • private fee paying school
  • exclusive to upper class and began with male only
  • sons of the gentry
  • travelled to attend and high tuition fees
• stage 1 (1790 - 1828)

  • Elton school opened in 1440 - older boys bullied the younger boys through a 'fagging' system
  • boys used natural facilities, played in their free time and adopted games which they played at home
  • boys all brought their own rules which led to the creation of the Elton Wall game
• stage 2 (1828 - 1842)

  • Thomas Arnold became headmaster of Rugby school in 1828
  • 'social control' - revised the fagging system using prefects
  • improved relationships between masters and the boys
  • muscular Christianity (moral of amateurism) became the focus
  • developed the curriculum so participation in games was compulsory
  • sports were played more regularly between boarding houses
  • boys became captains, played on school site and games were less violent
• stage 3 (1842 - 1914) - cult of athleticism

  • compulsory games afternoon with regular intra/inter school fixtures
  • could play other schools due to standardised rules
  • purpose built facilities
  • games played to develop character, leadership, teamwork etc
  • recived 'colours' for representing first team
  • working class professional coaches employed to improve skills
  • boys spread games through the church, army, as teachers etc
• athleticism:

  athleticism

  teamwork

  health

  leadership

  endeavor

  tactics and strategies

  integrity (sportsmanship)

  courage

  independence

  self-realisation

  muscular Christianity