Prokaryotes

• No membrane bound organelles
• No nucleus
• What is the one membrane a prokaryote has?


  Cell surface membrane
• What is the cell wall made of?


  Peptidoglycan
• Small ribosomes
• How big is the ribosome in a prokaryote?


  18nm
• Inside the cytoplasm, there are small structures called plasmids that contain extra genetic information.
• How is DNA stored in a prokaryote?


  In a single loop called a circular or bacterial chromosome
• Why is the DNA 'naked'?


  Not associated with histone proteins
• Where does ATP get produced in the cell?


  Occurs in infolded parts of the membrane called MESOSOMES
• What is flagella made from?


  Protein
• What kind of protein is the flagella made from?


  Flagellin
• What is the flagellum attached to?


  A hook to a protein disc at the base of the flagellum, embedded in the cell surface membrane
• How does the flagellum rotate?

  The disc uses ATP, which is made in respiration.
• What is the function of the cell wall?


  Physical barrier which protects against mechanical damage
• What is the function of the capsule?


  Protects bacterium from white blood cells and helps groups of bacteria stick together
• What is the function of the plasma membrane? 


  Acts as a partially permeable layer to control entry/exit of substances
• What is the function of pilus?


  Helps cell stick to one another or to surfaces