Skeletal Anatomy

• Skeletal Anatomy consists of 80 axial and 126 appendicular that results to 206 bones.

  A) Frontal Bone

  B) Nasal Bone

  C) Orbit

  D) Xygomatic Bone

  E) Maxilla

  F) Mandible

  G) Clavicle

  H) Manubrium

  I) Scapula

  J) Coastal Cartilage

  K) Xiphoid Process

  L) Humerus

  M) Radius

  N) Ulna

  O) Metacarpal Bones

  P) Carpal Bones

  Q) Phalanges

  R) Femur

  S) Patella

  T) Tibia

  U) Fibula

  V) Metatarsal Bones

  W) Tarsal Bones

  X) Phalanges

  Y) Greater Trochanter of Femur

  Z) Pubis

  [) Ischium

  \) Coccyx

  ]) Sacrum

  ^) Ilium

  _) Coxal Bone

  `) Vertebral Column

  a) Ribs

  b) Sternum

  
• How many bones are in the axial?


  80
• How many bones are in the appendicular?


  126
• What is the total number of bones in adults compared to newborns?

  Adults - 206

  Newborns - 270
• Enumerate the unpaired cranial bones.

  Frontal, occipital, sphenoid, and ethmoid
• Enumerate the sections of the vertebral column. Include the number of bones in each section.

  Cervical vertebrae - 7 bones (C1-C7)

  Thoracic vertebrae - 12 bones (T1-T12)

  Lumbar vertebrae - 5 bones (L1-L5)

  Sacrum - 1 bone

  Coccyx - 1 bone
• The cranial bones are connected by immovable joints called sutures.
• The skull consists of 8 cranial bones and 14 facial bones, a total of 22 bones.
• There are four principal sutures: (1) coronal, (2) sagittal, (3) lambdoid, and (4) squamous.
• Sutures in skull

  A) Zygomatic Bone\

  B) Frontal Bone

  C) Coronal Suture

  D) Sagittal Suture

  E) Parietal Bones

  F) Sutural Bone

  G) Occipital Bone

  H) Lamboid Suture

  
• This suture is located at the top of the skull, and it separates the right and left parietal bones. 

  Sagittal Suture
• It separates the occipital bone from the both the right and left parietal bones. Located at the back of the skull.

  Lambdoid Suture
• This suture separates the frontal bone from both the left and right parietal bones.

  Coronal Suture
• S - Scaphoid

  L - Lunate

  T - Triquetrum

  P - Pisiform

  T - Trapezium

  T - Trapezoid

  C - Capitate

  H - Hamate
• Joints are classified structurally as (1) fibrous, (2) cartilaginous, or (3) synovial, according to the major connective tissue type that binds the bones together and whether a fluid-filled joint capsule is present.
• Joints can also be classified in functional categories according to their degree of motion as (1) synarthroses, which are nonmovable joints; (2) amphiarthroses, which are slightly movable joints; or (3) diarthroses, which are freely movable joints. In general, fibrous and cartilaginous joints have little or no movement and are synarthroses and amphiarthroses joints; synovial joints have considerable movement and are mostly diarthroses joints
• Synarthroses - immovable
• Amphiarthroses - slightly movable
• Diarthroses - Freely movable
• Fibrous joint - Tend to be immovable
• Synovial joint - Tend to be freely movable
• Cartilaginous joint - Exhibit a range of mobilities.
• Fibrous

  • Suture
  • Syndemoses - ligaments
  • Gomphoses
• Cartilaginous

  • Synchondrosis
  • Symphesis
• Synovial

  • Most of our joints
• Atlantoaxial joint - Synovial (pivot) joint - Diarthrosis (rotation of head and neck)
• Costochondral joint - Cartilaginous (synchondroses) joint - Synarthrosis (immovable)
• Distal tibiofibular joint - Fibrous (Syndemosis) joint - Amphiarthrosis (slightly movable)
• Radiocarpal - Synovial - Diarthrosis (flexion, extension, etc)
• Carpometacarpal joint - Synovial (Saddle) joint - Diarthrosis (movable in thumb)
• Acromioclavicular joint - Synovial (Plane) - Diarthrosis (Slightly gliding motion)
• Coronal suture - Fibrous (Suture) - Synarthrosis (immovable)
• Knee joint - Synovial (hinge) joint - Diarthrosis (Freely movable, flexion and extension)
• carpal bones

  A) Trapezoid

  B) Trapezium

  C) Scaphoid

  D) Lunate

  E) Triquetrum

  F) Pisiform

  G) Hamate

  H) Capitate

  
• T - Talus

  C - Calcaneus

  N - Navicular

  M - Medial Cuneiform

  I - Intermediate Cuneiform

  L - Lateral Cuneiform

  C - Cuboid