paper 1

• small covalent structures

  1. strong covalent bonds between atoms of each molecule
  2. weak intermolecular forces between molecules
  3. low melting and boiling points (gaseous at room temp)
  4. cannot conduct electricity
• giant covalent 


  1. every atom is connected by strong covalent bonds
  2. no weak intermolecular forces - only one structure
  3. high meting and boiling points
  4. cannot conduct electricity (except graphite)