2. ROTC - M16

• What should you treat all firearms as?


  As if they are loaded
• Why should you never point a firearm at anyone?


  Because you may not be willing to destroy them
• What should you do with your finger until you are ready to fire?

  Keep it off the trigger and out of the trigger guard
• What must you know about your target and what is behind it?

  You must know both the target and what is behind it
• What is the basic rifle of the Philippine Army?

  • 5.56MM M16A1 RIFLE
  • Widely used in Infantry Battalions
  • Introduced during the Vietnam War in the late 1960s
• What are the features of the M16A1 rifle?


  • Can be fired either automatic or semi-automatic
  • Adjustable sight and flash suppressor
  • Barrel surrounded by heat-resistant materials
  • Rubber recoil pad on the butt of the stock
• What are the general characteristics of the M16 series rifles?


  • Lightweight
  • Air cooled
  • Magazine fed
  • Shoulder or hip weapon
  • Automatic and semi-automatic
• What is the weight of the M16A1 without a magazine and sling?


  1. 35 pounds (2.8 kg)
• What is the maximum effective range for a point target using the M16A1?


  450 meters
• What is the standard cartridge for field use with the M16A1 rifle?


  Cartridge, 5.56-mm, Ball, M193
• What is the purpose of the M196 cartridge?


  For observation of fire, incendiary effect, and signaling
• What is the function of the M199 dummy cartridge?


  Used during dry firing and other training
• What does the M200 blank cartridge lack?


  It has no projectile
• What is the effective range of the M862 5.56mm Short Range Training Ammunition?


  25 meters
• What is the M855 cartridge used for?


  Used in the M16A2/3/4 and M4-series weapons
• What are the parts of the M16A1 or M16A2 rifle?


  • Upper Receiver Group
  • Lower Receiver Group
  • Bolt Carrier Assembly
• What are the components of the Upper Receiver Group?


  1. Flash Suppressor
  2. Forward Assist Assembly
  3. Front Sight Assembly
  4. Dust Cover
  5. Bayonet Stud
  6. Barrel
  7. Upper Sling Swivel
  8. Bolt Carrier
  9. Hand Guard

  10. Barrel Extension

  11. Carrying Handle

  12. Gas Tube

  13. Rear Sight

  14. Windage Drum

  15. Slip Ring

  16. Charging Handle
• What are the components of the Lower Receiver Group?


  1. Butt Plate
  2. Trigger
  3. Storage Cleaning Gear
  4. Magazine Release Button
  5. Stock
  6. Magazine Catch
  7. Rear Sling Swivel
  8. Selector Lever
  9. Takedown Pin

  10. Bolt Catch

  11. Pistol Grip

  12. Receiver Pivot Pin

  13. Trigger Guard
• What are the components of the Bolt Carrier Assembly?


  1. Bolt Carrier
  2. Firing Pin Retaining Pin
  3. Bolt
  4. Bolt Cam Pin
  5. Firing Pin Extractor
• What is the procedure for cleaning and lubricating the barrel?


  • Attach a wire brush to the cleaning rod and dip it in solvent
  • Clean the locking lugs in the barrel extension
  • Lubricate the bore and locking lugs with a light coat of oil
• What is the maintenance procedure for the Bolt Carrier Group?


  • Remove and disassemble the bolt carrier group
  • Clean all parts with a solvent-dipped patch
  • Clean locking lugs and oil lightly
• What is the maintenance procedure for the Lower Receiver Group?

  • Remove dirt or sand with a dry patch or bristle brush
  • Lubricate each pin with a drop of oil
  • Disassemble and clean thoroughly after extensive use
• What are the maintenance steps before, during, and after firing?

  • Before: Wipe barrel dry and clean bore
  • During: Follow recommended rates of fire
  • After: Follow normal maintenance operations
• What are the key points of M16 rifle preliminary marksmanship training?


  • Emphasize muzzle awareness and selector switch manipulation
  • Ensure proper weapon carry and movement
  • Conduct malfunction drills using SPORTS
• What does the acronym S.P.O.R.T.S stand for in malfunction drills?


  • S: Slap the bottom of the magazine
  • P: Pull the charging handle
  • O: Observe ejection of the case
  • R: Release the charging handle
  • T: Tap the forward assist
  • S: Shoot or apply remedial action
• What is the mechanical sequence of events during the firing cycle?


  1. Feeding: New round is forced into the path of the bolt
  2. Chambering: Bolt thrusts the new round into the chamber
  3. Locking: Bolt locking lugs engage with the barrel extension
• What is the significance of muzzle awareness during marksmanship training?


  It ensures safety and proper handling of the firearm
• How does the bolt carrier group function during the feeding process?


  It engages the buffer assembly and compresses the action spring
• What happens during the locking phase of the firing cycle?


  The bolt cam pin rotates the bolt locking lugs into position
• What is the purpose of the selector switch on the M16 rifle?


  • To select between safe, semi-automatic, and automatic firing modes
  • Ensures the weapon is not fired accidentally
• What is the first step in the mechanical sequence of events during the firing cycle?


  Chambering
• What happens during the chambering process?


  The bolt thrusts the new round into the chamber while the extractor grips the rim of the cartridge.
• How does the bolt cam pin function during the locking process?


  It rides in the guide channel and rotates the bolt locking lugs into position behind the barrel extension.
• What occurs when the rifle is ready to fire?

  The bolt locking lugs make contact with the barrel extension.
• What initiates the firing process?

  The firer squeezes the trigger.
• What happens when the hammer strikes the firing pin?


  The firing pin drives into the primer, igniting the powder in the cartridge.
• What is the purpose of the unlocking process?


  To allow the bolt to rotate and disengage from the barrel extension.
• How does the extractor function during the extracting process?


  It grips the rim of the cartridge case and withdraws it from the chamber.
• What happens during the ejecting process?

  The cartridge case is pushed out by the ejector and spring.
• What is the role of the cocking process in the firing cycle?


  It compresses the hammer spring and prepares the hammer for firing.