U5L3: Reference Groups

• this is a group to which the individual refers and with whom he identifies either consciously or unconsciously

  reference groups
• they serve as a model to which the individual patterns his lifestyle

  reference groups
• a group to which we compare ourselves

  reference groups
• they serve as a standard to which we measure our behaviors and attitudes.

  reference groups
• we use them to guide our behavior and attitudes and help us to identify social norms

  reference groups
• can be a primary group, status group, professional association


  reference groups
• the individual may or may not be a member of this group

  reference group
• two types of reference groups

  informal, formal
• type of reference group, this is how most reference groups are

  informal reference groups
• this type of reference group is based on the group members' shared interest and goals but is not specifically structures with a specific goal in mind

  informal reference group
• this type of reference group interact with each other on a very personal level. like families, group of local mothers, peer groups


  informal reference group
• this type of reference group has a specific goal or mission and specific structure and positions of authority

  formal reference group
• this type of reference group includes labor unions, "greenpeace", "plantsavers"

  formal reference groups
• reference groups perform 3 basic functions:

  1. serve as a normative function by setting and enforcing standards of conduct and belief
  2. perform comparison function: serve as a standard where people can measure themselves and others
  3. serve as sources of aspiration and goal attainment (means of anticipatory socialization)

  - person choose to be a prof --> begins to identify w that group --> becomes socialized to have certain goals
• embracing the norms of reference groups is how we achieve important social connections w others that lead to social acceptance