Accessory Digestive Organs

• Masticate - the act of opening and closing our jaws and moving them from side to side
• Teeth - the ones that tear and grind the food, breaking it down into smaller fragments
• What are the two sets of teeth?

  Deciduous teeth, Permanent teeth
• Deciduous Teeth - the first set of teeth, begin to erupt around 6 months
• What is the other term for deciduous teeth?

  Baby Teeth
• Permanent Teeth - the second set of teeth, enlarge and develop, have erupted by the end of adolescence
• Third Molars - emerge between the ages of 17 and 25, sometimes they are completely absent
• What is the other term for third molars?

  Wisdom Teeth
• Incisors - the chisel-shaped, adapted for cutting
• Canines - the fanglike, are for tearing or piercing
• Premolars, Molars - have broad crowns with rounded cusps and are best suited for crushing and grinding
• What are the two major regions of the tooth?

  Crown, Root
• Crown - the exposed part of the tooth above the gum
• What is the other term for gums?

  Gingiva
• Enamel - a ceramic-like substance as thick as a dime, that bears the force of chewing
• Root - the portion of the tooth embedded in the jawbone
• Neck - a region that connects the root and crown
• Cement - the outer surface of the root is covered by a substance, which attaches the tooth to a ligament
• Periodontal Ligament - holds the tooth in place in the bony jaw
• Dentin - a bonelike material that underlines the enamel and forms the bulk of the tooth
• Pulp Cavity - surrounded by the dentin, contains a number of structures (connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerve fibers)
• Pulp - the collective term for the connective tissue, blood vessels and nerve fibers, which supplies nutrients to the tooth tissue, and provides sensations
• Root Canal - where the pulp cavity extends into, which provides a route for blood vessels, nerves, etc. to enter the pulp cavity
• How many permanent tooth in full set during adulthood?

  32 teeth
• What are the three pairs of salivary glands?

  Parotid glands, Submandibular Glands, Sublingual Glands
• Saliva - product of the salivary glands, and is a mixture of mucus and serous fluid
• Bolus - the mass product after the binding process of food together
• Salivary Amylase - the clear serous portion that contains an enzyme, which begins the process of starch digestion in the mouth
• Pancreas - a soft, pink, triangular gland that extends across the abdomen from the spleen to the duodenum
• Pancreas - produces enzymes that break down all categories of digestible foods
• Pancreas - produces the hormones insulin and glucagon
• Liver - the largest gland in the body, located under the diaphragm, more to the right side of the body
• How many lobes there are in the liver?

  4 lobes
• Liver - has many critical metabolic and regulatory roles; its digestive function is to produce bile
• Bile - is a yellow-to-green, watery solution
• What are to contents of the bile?

  Bile Salts, Bile Pigments, Cholesterol, Phospholipids, Electrolytes
• Gallbladder - a small, thin-walled green sac that snuggles in a shallow fossa
• Enamels - the hardest substance in the body and is fairly brittle because it is heavily mineralized with calcium salts