CHAP 6

• What is the main objective of the DOH programs related to family health?


  To manage resources efficiently and effectively.
• What is one of the management principles applied in community-based programs?


  Apply management and leadership principles in providing direction.
• How often is immunization conducted in barangay health stations?

  Monthly.
• When was the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) established?


  In 1976.
• What was the initial purpose of the EPI?


  To ensure access to routinely recommended vaccines for infants/children and mothers.
• How many vaccine-preventable diseases were initially included in the EPI?

  Six.
• What percentage of children were "fully immunized" in 1986 according to the EPI review?

  21.3%.
• What was the estimated number of deaths among children under 5 years due to preventable diseases in 2002?
• What does the overall goal of the EPI aim to achieve?


  To reduce morbidity and mortality among children against vaccine-preventable diseases.
• What are the specific goals of the EPI?


  1. Immunize all infants/children against common vaccine-preventable diseases.
  2. Sustain the polio-free status of the Philippines.
  3. Eliminate measles infection.
  4. Eliminate maternal and neonatal tetanus.
  5. Control diphtheria, pertussis, hepatitis B, and German measles.
  6. Prevent extra pulmonary tuberculosis among children.
• What is Republic Act No. 10152 about?


  It is the Mandatory Infants and Children Health Immunization Act of 2011.
• When is immunization day designated in the Philippines?


  Every Wednesday.
• What is the minimum age for the first dose of the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine?


  At birth or anytime after birth.
• What is the reason for administering the BCG vaccine at the earliest possible age?


  To protect against TB meningitis and other TB infections.
• How many doses of the Diphtheria-Pertussis-Tetanus (DPT) vaccine are required?


  Three doses.
• What is the minimum interval between doses of the DPT vaccine?


  6 weeks.
• What is the minimum age for the first dose of the Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV)?


  6 weeks old.
• What is the route of administration for the Hepatitis B vaccine?


  Intramuscular.
• What is the minimum age for the first dose of the Measles vaccine?


  9 months old.
• Why is it important to vaccinate infants against measles at 9 months?


  Because measles kills, and vaccination can prevent it.
• What are the general principles in infants/children immunization?


  • Vaccinate every infant against measles at 9 months or as soon as possible.
  • If the vaccination schedule is interrupted, resume without restarting.
  • Minor illnesses are not contraindications for vaccination.
  • True contraindications are rare and include severe allergic reactions.
  • Use only the diluent supplied by the manufacturer for reconstitution.
  • Use sterile needles and syringes for each child to prevent blood-borne diseases.
• What is the purpose of the Tetanus Toxoid Immunization Schedule for Women?


  To protect women against tetanus and prevent neonatal tetanus in newborns.
• What is the duration of protection provided by TT3 vaccine?


  5 years for the mother and protection for infants against neonatal tetanus.
• What are the care practices needed for vaccines?


  • Ensure proper storage and transport of vaccines.
  • Implement a "first expiry and first out" (FEFO) system.
  • Monitor vaccine temperature twice daily.
  • Use cold chain equipment for storage.
• What are the four main types of vaccines?

  1. Live-attenuated vaccines
  2. Inactivated vaccines
  3. Subunit, recombinant, polysaccharide, and conjugate vaccines
  4. Toxoid vaccines
• What do live-attenuated vaccines use to create immunity?


  A weakened form of the germ that causes a disease.
• What is a limitation of live-attenuated vaccines?


  They need to be kept cool and cannot travel well.
• Which diseases are protected against by live-attenuated vaccines?


  Measles, mumps, rubella, rotavirus, smallpox, chickenpox, yellow fever.
• What do inactivated vaccines use to create immunity?


  The killed version of the germ that causes a disease.
• Which diseases are protected against by inactivated vaccines?


  Hepatitis A, flu, polio, rabies.
• What are subunit, recombinant, polysaccharide, and conjugate vaccines made from?


  Specific pieces of the germ, like its protein, sugar, or capsid.
• Which diseases are protected against by subunit, recombinant, polysaccharide, and conjugate vaccines?


  Hib disease, hepatitis B, HPV, whooping cough, pneumococcal disease, meningococcal disease, shingles.
• What do toxoid vaccines use to create immunity?


  A toxin made by the germ that causes a disease.
• Which diseases are protected against by toxoid vaccines?


  Diphtheria and tetanus.
• What is the purpose of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) strategy?


  To reduce death and severity of illness in children under five.
• How many children under five die each year in less developed countries?


  One million.
• What diseases account for nearly half of the deaths in children under five?


  Pneumonia, diarrhea, malaria, measles, and dengue hemorrhagic fever.
• What is the main focus of the IMCI strategy?


  To deliver essential interventions at community, health facility, and health systems levels.
• When was IMCI introduced in the Philippines?


  In 1996.
• What are the objectives of IMCI?


  • Reduce death and frequency and severity of illness and disability.
  • Contribute to improved growth and development.