Smuggling and highwaymen

• In which century did smuggling become more common?

  18th century
• Why did smuggling become more common in the 18th century?

  Due to higher export duties on goods like wine and cloth
• What was the name of the organized gang that operated on the south coast of England?

  The Hawkhurst Gang
• How were smugglers viewed by the public?

  As popular heroes
• Why did wealthy families protect smugglers?

  They wanted to continue buying smuggled goods
• How can smuggling be seen as a crime created by the government?

  Through the imposition of high import duties
• What led to the increase in highway robbery in the 18th century?

  More road travel due to better roads and trade
• Who was a famous highway robber mentioned in the text?

  Dick Turpin
• What measures were taken to combat highway robbery?

  Mounted patrols were put on the roads
• What punishment was introduced in 1772 for highwaymen?

  The death penalty
• How did the growth of the banking system in the 19th century affect highway robbery?

  It led to a decline in highway robbery
• When was the last reported case of highway robbery?

  1831
• What were the poaching laws like in the 18th century?

  They became harsher
• What was the name of the act that made poaching a capital offence in 1723?

  The Waltham Black Act
• What was illegal under the Waltham Black Act?

  Owning a dog that could be used for poaching
• How were the anti-poaching laws perceived by the public?

  They were heavily resented
• When was witchcraft decriminalised?

  1736