Topic 5.1

Created by

Anosh Eric

Cards (124)

What is abscisic acid (ABA) ?
A plant hormone that stimulates stomatal cloning, maintains seed
dormancy and triggers cold protective responses.
what is abscission?
The shedding of leaves in plants
What is acetylcholine?
A type of neurotransmitter that is used for communication between neurones
What is actin?
A type of protein filament found in myofibrils. It forms thin filaments consisting of two
long twisted chains.
What is an actin-myosin binding site?
A site on actin that is normally blocked by tropomyosin. During
muscle contraction, it becomes exposed, allowing a myosin head to attach
What is an actin-myosin cross-bridge?
The cross-bridge formed when a myosin head attaches to the
myosin binding site on an actin filament.
what is adenylyl cyclase?
An enzyme that catalyses the conversion of ATP to cAMP
what are adrenal glands?
Glands which are located on the top of the kidneys and produce adrenaline and steroid hormones
What is adrenaline?
A hormone that is secreted by the adrenal glands under stressful conditions. It serves as a ‘primary messenger’, activating adenylyl cyclase
What is afferent ateriole?
The larger diameter arteriole which carries blood to the glomerulus for ultrafiltration
What are alkaloids?
A group of nitrogenous compounds found in plants. They are bitter-tasting and affect the metabolism of animals or insects that take them in.
What is the all-or-nothing principle?
The principle that describes how any generator potential which
reaches or exceeds the threshold potential will produce an action potential of equal
magnitude
What are Alpha cells?
Cells found in the pancreas which secrete glucagon into the blood to raise glucose concentration.
What are anisotropic bands?
The darker bands in a myofibril, which consist of overlapping actin
and myosin filaments
What are anabolic steroids?
A class of performance enhancing drugs that are structurally similar to testosterone and used illegally by athletes to promote muscle growth
What is the anterior pituitary gland?
The region of the pituitary gland that produces and secretes
hormones.
what is antidiuretic hormone ?
A hormone released from the posterior pituitary gland that
increases the reabsorption of water in the kidney tubules.
What is aquaporin?
A membrane channel used for the selective transport of water in and out of the cell.
What is an autonomic nervous system?
A branch of the nervous system that carries nerve impulses to
muscles and glands. It controls involuntary activities and has two divisions: the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system
What are auxins ?
A class of plant hormones that control cell elongation, produce tropisms, prevent abscission, maintain apical dominance and stimulate the production of ethene
What is an axon?
An extension from a nerve cell that carries impulses away from the cell body.
What are beta cells?
Cells found in the pancreas which secrete insulin into the blood to lower glucose concentration
What is bile canaliculi?
Vessels which collect the bile produced by hepatocytes.
What is the blinking reflex?
The involuntary blinking of the eyelid when an object is held close to the eye. It is the last reflex to be lost
What is cardiac muscle?
A myogenic muscle found in the walls of the heart
What are the components of the central nervous system?
Brain and spinal cord
What is the cerebellum?
The region of the brain that controls muscle coordination and non-voluntary movement
What are two things that the cerebellum controls?
balance
Posture
What is the cerebrum?
The largest region of the brain, consisting of two hemispheres, that receives sensory information from receptors and sends information via the motor neurones to effectors. It is responsible for all voluntary and some involuntary responses.
What is a cholinergic synapse?
A synapse which uses the neurotransmitter acetylcholine
What is creatine phosphate?
A compound stored in muscles that serves as a phosphate reserve, enabling ATP regeneration
What is cutting ?
A small section of the root or stem of an adult plant.
What is Cyclic AMP (cAMP) ?
A ‘second messenger’ involved in the action of adrenaline that
activates protein kinase
What is dendron?
An extension from a nerve cell that carries impulses towards the cell body
What is depolarisation?
The rapid influx of sodium ions into the cell which cause it to lose its negative charge and the membrane potential to increase.
What is an ectotherm?
A type of organism which is dependent on its environment to maintain its body temperature
what is an effector?
An organ, tissue, or cell that produces a response to a stimulus.
what is an efferent arteriole?
The smaller diameter arteriole which carries the blood away from the glomerulus after ultrafiltration
what is endocrine signalling?
A type of signalling that uses hormones secreted by endocrine cells into the blood which produce an effect on receptors.
What is an endotherm?
A type of organism which can regulate its own body temperature without relying
on external heat sources.