Animals studies of attachment

• What are animal studies in psychology?


  Psychological studies carried out on non-human animals
• Why are animals used instead of humans in psychological studies?


  Due to ethical reasons, validity, and breeding advantages
• What is imprinting according to Lorenz's research?


  Attaching to the first moving object from birth
• What was the independent variable (IV) in Lorenz's study?


  The environment in which the goose eggs were hatched
• What was the dependent variable (DV) in Lorenz's research?


  Who the goslings attached to first
• What were the results of Lorenz's study regarding the incubator group?


  The incubator group followed Lorenz everywhere
• What conclusion did Lorenz draw from his research on imprinting?


  There is a critical period for imprinting to occur
• What did Lorenz find about sexual imprinting in his 1952 study?


  Imprinting affects adult male preferences
• What example did Lorenz provide to illustrate sexual imprinting?


  A peacock imprinting on a giant tortoise
• Why is generalizing animal behavior to humans problematic?


  Humans cannot imprint and have biological differences
• What conflicting evidence did Guiton et al. (1966) provide regarding imprinting?


  Chickens imprinted on gloves but later preferred other chickens
• What did Harlow's research with rhesus monkeys focus on?


  The importance of contact comfort in attachment
• How many baby monkeys did Harlow rear in his study?


  16 baby monkeys
• What was the independent variable (IV) in Harlow's study?


  The type of mother (wire vs. cloth-covered)
• What did Harlow find regarding the monkeys' preferences for mothers?


  They preferred the cloth-covered mother for comfort
• What did Harlow conclude about the role of contact comfort?


  Contact comfort is more important than food for attachment
• What were the long-term effects on monkeys deprived of a real mother?


  They exhibited dysfunctional behavior and aggression
• What critical period did Harlow identify for forming attachments?


  An attachment must form within 90 days
• What theoretical value did Harlow's findings provide?


  They changed the understanding of human mother-infant attachment
• What practical value did Harlow's research have?


  It informed social workers about child neglect and abuse implications
• What ethical issues were raised regarding Harlow's research?


  The monkeys suffered both short and long-term consequences
• Why was Harlow's research considered important despite ethical concerns?


  It had the potential to help many humans in the future