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• What is the primary focus of Theravada Buddhism?


  It is more strict and earthly-focused.
• What does "Sthaviravada" mean in Theravada Buddhism?


  It means "School of the elders."
• What are the three paths to enlightenment in Theravada Buddhism?


  1. The Student (Arhat) Path
  2. Solitary Buddha Path
  3. Full Buddha Path
• In which countries is Theravada Buddhism primarily found?


  It is found in Sri Lanka, Thailand, Myanmar, Laos, and Cambodia.
• What does Theravada Buddhism believe about its doctrines?


  It believes its doctrines to be more faithful to the original teachings of the Buddha.
• How do human beings achieve enlightenment in Theravada Buddhism?


  They must achieve enlightenment through their own efforts, independent of any external support.
• What does the term "Hinayana" refer to in Mahayana literature?


  It refers to the early schools of Buddhism that existed before the Mahayana tradition emerged.
• What does "Mahayana" mean in Buddhism?


  It means "Great vehicle."
• How does Mahayana Buddhism differ from Theravada Buddhism regarding enlightenment?


  Mahayana Buddhism believes that compassion for all living creatures is more important than wisdom and ascetic practices.
• What are some reasons for the emergence of Mahayana Buddhism?

  • Death of Siddhartha Gautama
  • Meditative innovations
  • Mahasamghika "The Great Sangha" - oldest Buddhism school
  • Belief that Siddhartha Gautama was more than a human being
  • Existence of eternal beings willing to help attain Nirvana
  • Belief in Bodhisattvas (future Buddhas)
• What is the central concept of Mahayana Buddhism regarding Bodhisattvas?


  The postponement of Nirvana by a Bodhisattva is a central concept.
• Who is the most popular Bodhisattva in Mahayana Buddhism?

  Avalokiteshvara.
• How is Avalokiteshvara personified in different cultures?


  As the female Guan Yin in China and as the male Kwannon in Japan.
• When did Mahayana Buddhism reach China?


  In the 1st century C.E.
• What are the Four Noble Truths in Buddhism?


  They are the core of the teachings of Buddha.
• What does Siddhartha Gautama propose in the Four Noble Truths?


  He proposes a diagnosis, an analysis, a description of a healthy state, and a prescription.
• What does "dukkha" mean in Buddhism?


  It means "suffering" or "stress."
• What are the three kinds of dukkha?

  1. Dukkha - dukkha, 2. Viparinama - dukkha, 3. Samkhara - dukkha.
• What are the three kinds of dukkha and their meanings?

  1. Dukkha - dukkha: physical and mental suffering associated with birth, aging, illness, and dying.
  2. Viparinama - dukkha: emotional anxiety or stress of holding on to things that are constantly changing.
  3. Samkhara - dukkha: basic chronic dissatisfaction pervading all forms of existence.
• What causes dukkha according to Buddhism?


  Dukkha is caused by craving (Pali Tanha).
• What are the three kinds of tanha?

  1. Kama - tanha, 2. Bhava - tanha, 3. Vibhava - tanha.
• What do the three kinds of tanha represent?


  1. Kama - tanha: sensual craving for objects that provide pleasant feelings.
  2. Bhava - tanha: craving to be something lasting and to dominate over others.
  3. Vibhava - tanha: a wish to be separated from painful feelings or to be nothing.
• What is the end of dukkha according to Buddhism?


  There is an end or extinction (Pali nibbana) to dukkha by eliminating tanha.
• What does Nirvana represent in Buddhism?


  Nirvana is the extinction of the false idea of a permanent and undying self.
• How does one overcome ignorance in Buddhism?


  By accepting that reality is impermanent and letting go of tanha.
• What is the Eightfold Path in Buddhism?


  1. Right View: Know the Four Noble Truths.
  2. Right Intention: Decide what we really want.
  3. Right Speech: Speak the truth and speak well of others.
  4. Right Action: Do not kill, steal, be unchaste, take drugs, or drink alcohol.
  5. Right Livelihood: Must do work that is ethical.
  6. Right Effort: Do things with 200% effort.
  7. Right Mindfulness: Keep our minds focused.
  8. Right Concentration: Meditate to see the world in a new way.
• What is the purpose of the Eightfold Path?


  To extinguish dukkha.
• What is the first step of the Eightfold Path?


  Right View: Know the Four Noble Truths.
• What is the last step of the Eightfold Path?


  Right Concentration: Meditate to see the world in a new way.
• What are the categories of the Eightfold Path?


  • Wisdom
  • Ethics
  • Meditation