The Particle Nature of Matter

• What is matter made up of?

  Tiny particles that are either individual atoms or groups of atoms called molecules
• What is true about the spaces between particles?

  All particles have spaces between them
• How does energy affect the movement of particles?

  More energy (heat) produces more movement
• What are the forces acting on particles of matter?

  All particles are attracted to one another by forces
• What are pure substances in the context of the periodic table?

  • Elements in the periodic table
• What are the properties of solids?

  • Definite shape
  • Definite volume
  • High density
  • Rigidity
  • Tightly packed
  • Regular pattern
  • Strong attraction
  • Thermal expansion (expands when heated)
  • Conductivity (ability to conduct heat or electricity)
  • Brittleness and malleability (easily breaks and can be shaped without breaking)
• What is the process of absorbing thermal energy called?

  Absorbing thermal energy
• What is the process of releasing thermal energy called?

  Releasing thermal energy
• What are the six phase changes of matter?

  1. Condensation - gas to liquid
  2. Vaporization/Evaporation - liquid to gas
  3. Freezing - liquid to solid (all liquids except helium freeze)
  4. Melting - solid to liquid
  5. Deposition - gas to solid
  6. Sublimation - solid to gas
• What happens during condensation?

  Gas changes to liquid
• What is the difference between vaporization and evaporation?

  Vaporization is the process of liquid changing to gas, while evaporation is a type of vaporization that occurs at the surface of the liquid.
• What is the phase change from liquid to solid called?

  Freezing
• Which liquids do not freeze?

  All liquids except helium freeze
• What is the phase change from solid to liquid called?

  Melting
• What is deposition in terms of phase changes?

  Deposition is the process where gas changes directly to solid.
• What is the phase change from solid to gas called?

  Sublimation
• What is the significance of sublimation in phase changes?

  Sublimation is significant as it allows a solid to transition directly to gas without becoming liquid first.
• Changes of State Affecting Matter:

  • Thermal energy
  • Temperature
  • Heat
  • Pressure
  • Water Cycle