Intro to Nursing

• IDEA/IDEAS

  • Something, such as a THOUGHT or CONCEPTION, that is potentially or actually exists in the mind as a product of mental activity. 
• CONCEPTS 

  • Are the vehicles of thought that involves images, these are impression  received by sensing our environment
• IDEAS ARE ANYTHING PRODUCED BY OUR MIND, GROUP OF IDEAS LEADS TO A CONCEPT WHEN WE USE OUR SENSES AND PAST EXPERIENCES TO PERCEIVE.
• EMPIRICAL CONCEPT

  Concepts that easily can be observed in the real world by using senses. 
• INFERENTIAL CONCEPT

  Concepts that are indirectly observable, thus will be needing instruments to measure it
• ABSTRACT CONCEPT

  These are non observable concepts
• THEORY

  greek word “THERIA” which means VISION
• THEORY A beholding spectacle or speculation
• KERLINGER (1979)

  Define theory as a set of interrelated constructs (variables), definitions, and propositions that presents a systematic view of phenomena by specifying relations among variables, with the purpose of explaining natural phenomena.
• • THEORY ARE GROUPS OF CONCEPTS THAT INTERCONNECT WITH THE GOAL OF EXPLANATORY AND PREDICTIVE IN NATURE.
• CHINN & KRAMER (1999)

  Define theory as  a creative and rigorous structuring of ideas that project a tentative, purposeful and systematic view of phenomena.
•  A THEORY GENERALLY IS DESCRIBED AS:

  • Group or set of concepts
• • Systematic way of looking at the world in order to DESCRIBE, EXPLAIN, PREDICT and CONTROL it.
• METAPARADIGM

  • Defined to be as the core content of a discipline, stated in the  most global abstract terms
• Metaparadigm are BROAD CONCEPTS that describe and define a discipline or profession.
• 1. PERSON

  Generally defined as the recipient of nursing care like the individuals, families and communities
• 1. ENVIRONMENT

  Defined as the internal and external aspects of life that influence the person
• 1. HEALTH

  Defined as the holistic level of wellness that the person experiences. Status of the well being.
• 1. NURSING

  Defined as the autonomous and collaborative care of individuals of all ages, families, groups and communities, sick or well and in all settings.
• MODELS

  Representation of interaction among and between concepts showing patterns. Termed as Paradigm or Framework.
• 1. VERBAL MODELS

  • Statements that explain the relationship between concepts.
• • Pertains to the narrative description of interrelationships of concepts in a theory.
• 1. SCHEMATIC MODELS

  • Explains an idea by using schema, symbols or physical visualization, maybe a diagram, drawing, graphs or pictures that facilitate understanding
• VERBAL MODELS ARE NARRATIVE, SCHEMATIC MODELS USE SYMBOLS.
• • Structural forms imply specific meanings, suggestion the kind of interrelationship among and between the concepts
• Just like any theories the purpose of nursing theories is Describing, Explaining, Predicting and Prescribing nursing care.
• Are organized bodies of knowledge to define what nursing is, what nurses do, and why do they do it.
• Nursing theories, together with research and practice, is one of the foundation in the development of nursing as a unique discipline
• 1. CONTEXT: THE ENVIRONMENT IN WHICH THE NURSING ACT TAKES PLACE. 
• CONTENT: THE SUBJECT OF THE THEORY
• PROCESS: THE METHOD THE NURSE USES IN APPLYING THE THEORY
• ASSUMPTIONS

  SELF-EVIDENT TRUTH. THE UNDERLYING GIVENS THAT ARE PRESUMED TO BE TRUE.
• • THEORETICAL ASSUMPTION:
  • Basic givens or accepted truth that are fundamental to theoretic reasoning
• • Explicit: assumptions that are stated in the theory, thus easy to recognize
• • Implicit: Assumptions are not stated in the theory (implied), thus difficult to recognize
• Assumptions influence all aspects of structuring and contextualizing theory
• Factual Assumptions: these are assumptions knowable or potentially knowable through experience
• • Value Assumption: these are assumptions that imply what is right, good and ought to be factual assumptions contain underlying value assumptions
• METAPARADIGM: MOST ABSTRACT LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE; DESCRIBE THE MAJOR CONCEPT OF THE DISCIPLINE. IN NURSING, THESE PERTAINS TO PERSON, HEALTH, NURSING AND ENVIRONMENT
• PHILOSOPHY:  SPECIFIES THE DEFINITION OF THE METAPARADIGM CONCEPTS. THEORIES MAY BE FORMALIZED FROM THESE PHILOSOPHIES.