Diet, nutrition and health

• What is the definition of risk factor?


  An action or a natural tendency that makes you more likely to develop a disease or health condition
• What is the definition of malnutrition?


  Having a diet that is not balanced
• What is the definition of diet-related disease?


  A disease or health condition where one or more of the risk factors for developing it are what or how much of particular foods or beverages you eat or drink over a period of time
• What is obesity?


  . Obesity is a diet-related disease in which the body contains too much stored fat

  . It has become a very serious concern to healthy experts as more and more people are becoming obese all over the world
• What does being in 'good health' mean?

  Feeling well, alert, and energetic
• What factors contribute to being in good health?

  A healthy diet, water, activity, sleep, and stress management
• What are the components of a healthy lifestyle?

  • Eating a healthy, balanced diet
  • Drinking plenty of water
  • Being physically active
  • Having enough sleep and relaxation
  • Avoiding too much stress
• What can cause diseases and health conditions that spoil quality of life?

  An unbalanced diet
• What does it mean to be malnourished?

  Having too much or too little nutrients
• How does an unbalanced diet affect health over time?

  It can lead to malnutrition and diseases
• If someone is feeling tired and unwell, what lifestyle changes could improve their health?

  Adopting a balanced diet and managing stress
• What are the consequences of malnutrition?

  • Poor growth and development
  • Increased susceptibility to diseases
  • Deterioration of quality of life
• What is the primary cause of obesity?

  Not being in energy balance
• How does excess energy intake lead to obesity?

  Excess energy is stored as fat over time
• What types of foods are often energy dense?

  Processed foods and fast foods
• Why is it easy to consume more energy than needed?

  Many foods contain hidden fat and sugar
• What happens to extra energy intake over weeks and months?

  It gradually increases body weight as fat
• What occurs if stored energy is not used for physical activity?

  It remains in the body as fat
• What type of fat builds up under the skin in obesity?

  Adipose fat
• Where does visceral fat accumulate in the body?

  Around the abdomen and intestines
• How does visceral fat affect the diaphragm?

  It pushes up the diaphragm, squashing the lungs
• What is a consequence of the diaphragm being pushed up by visceral fat?

  It makes it difficult to breathe
• What does the extra weight from obesity put stress on?

  Heart, blood vessels, liver, kidneys, skeleton, and muscles
• What serious health conditions can obesity lead to?

  Type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and cancer
• What joint issues can arise from obesity?

  Arthritis in knees and hips
• What happens to the joints in the knees and hips due to obesity?

  They wear out and become very painful
• What are the effects of obesity on the respiratory system?

  • Diaphragm is pushed up
  • Lungs are squashed
  • Breathing becomes difficult
• What are the systemic effects of obesity on the body?

  • Stress on heart and blood vessels
  • Strain on liver and kidneys
  • Impact on skeleton and muscles
• How can you prevent and treat obesity?


  . To prevent weight gain, a person needs to be in energy balance

  . In order to lose some of the stored body fat, an obese person needs to take in less energy from food than they use every day

  . If they do this over a period of time (often several months), the energy stored in the body fat will need to be used and their body will gradually lose weight

  . If they increase their physical activity at the same time, this will help to use up the stored energy more quickly and efficiently
• What is cardiovascular disease?

  A disease affecting the heart and blood vessels
• What components make up the cardiovascular system?

  The heart and blood vessels
• What is an example of a disease that affects the cardiovascular system?

  Coronary heart disease (CHD)
• What is the primary function of the heart?

  To pump blood throughout the body
• What does blood contain that is essential for the body?

  Oxygen, nutrients, and glucose
• How does the heart receive its own blood supply?

  Through the coronary arteries
• Why do coronary arteries need to be clear?

  To allow blood to pass through them
• What condition develops if coronary arteries are blocked?

  Coronary heart disease (CHD)
• What is high blood pressure also known as?

  Hypertension
• What do blood vessels do in the body?

  Carry blood to and from the heart
• How does blood pressure change throughout the day?

  It goes up and down normally