equilibria

• How do we describe the position of equilibrium if there are more reactants than products?

  We say that the equilibrium lies to the left.
• How do we describe the position of equilibrium if there are more products than reactants?

  We say that the equilibrium lies to the right.
• What happens to the position of equilibrium when conditions of a reversible reaction change?

  The position of equilibrium shifts to counteract the change.
• What does a negative energy change indicate about a reaction?

  It indicates that the reaction is exothermic and releases energy.
• What happens to the position of equilibrium if the temperature of an exothermic reaction is increased?

  • The equilibrium shifts to the left.
  • This results in more reactant particles being formed.
• How does increasing the pressure affect the position of equilibrium in a reaction?

  • The equilibrium shifts to the side with fewer molecules.
  • This reduces the pressure in the system.
• What is the effect of decreasing the pressure in a sealed system on the position of equilibrium?

  The equilibrium shifts to the side with more molecules to increase the pressure.
• What are reversible reactions characterized by?

  They are characterized by a double arrow indicating both forward and backward reactions.
• What does the term 'equilibrium' refer to in reversible reactions?

  It refers to the state where the forward and backward reactions occur at the same rate, resulting in constant concentrations of reactants and products.
• How do the rates of the forward and backward reactions change over time?

  The forward reaction starts fast and slows down, while the backward reaction starts slow and speeds up until they are equal at equilibrium.
• What happens to the concentrations of reactants and products at equilibrium?

  The concentrations of reactants and products remain constant.
• Does equilibrium mean that the concentrations of reactants and products are the same?

  No, equilibrium does not mean that the concentrations are the same; they can differ as long as the rates are equal.
• What does it mean if the equilibrium lies to the right?

  It means there are more products than reactants at equilibrium.
• What does it mean if the equilibrium lies to the left?

  It means there are more reactants than products at equilibrium.
• What happens to the position of equilibrium when heat is added to a reaction in an endothermic reaction

  It encourages the forward reaction, resulting in more products.
• What is required for equilibrium to be reached in a reversible reaction?

  A closed system is required so that none of the reactants or products can escape.
• What is the relationship between exothermic and endothermic reactions in reversible reactions?

  One direction is always exothermic while the other is endothermic.
• What does 'hydrated' mean in the context of copper sulfate?

  'Hydrated' means that water is present.
• What does 'anhydrous' mean in the context of copper sulfate?

  'Anhydrous' means that there is no water present.
• What are the key points about reversible reactions and equilibrium?

  • Reversible reactions have a double arrow indicating both directions.
  • At equilibrium, forward and backward reactions occur at the same rate.
  • Concentrations of reactants and products remain constant but can differ.
  • The position of equilibrium can shift based on conditions (e.g., temperature).
  • One direction is exothermic, and the other is endothermic.