If all behaviour is learned then we can unlearn unhealthy behaviours and replace them with new behaviours
Only observable data should be studied as this is the only way to remain objective
Humans and animals learn in the same way therefore we can generalise results from animal studies to humans
Behaviourism is split into two sub-theories; classical and operant conditioning.
Operant conditioning is a deterministic theory, this means it assumes people don't make choices due to free will. Instead Skinner believed they act in a way they have been reinforced to act. This is criticised by humanistic theorists and those who believe we have no control over our maladaptive behaviours.
Since the behavioural approach suggests that all behaviour is learned, it falls on the nurture side of the nature-nurture debate, in which our experiences and surroundings shape of our behaviour directly rather than any internal or biological factors. This could be reductionist.
Strengths of the Behaviourist Approach:
Supporting Evidence: Evidence from Pavlov, Watson and Rayner and Skinner demonstrates the value of this approach.
Strength of Behaviourist Approach:
Practical Applications: Classical conditioning has been used to develop therapies such as aversion therapy, systematic desensitisation and flooding.
Operant conditioning has been applied to behaviour modification; for example, using reward charts to shape behaviour in children or a token economy in institutions.
Strength of Behaviourist Approach:
Scientific Theory: The study only focuses on observable behaviour; this increases objectivity and reduces bias. Furthermore, the focus on lab experimentation raises the scientific value of psychology as a field of research.
