Active Transport

• How does active transport differ from diffusion?

  Active transport moves molecules against their concentration gradient, while diffusion moves them down their gradient
• What is diffusion?

  Diffusion is the process by which substances move down their concentration gradient
• Why is diffusion considered a passive process?


  Because it does not require any energy from the cell
• What is active transport?

  Active transport is the movement of molecules against their concentration gradient
• What is required for active transport to occur?

  Energy from the cell
• Where does active transport take place?

  Across a cell membrane
• What role do special proteins play in active transport?

  They transfer the molecule from one side of the membrane to the other
• What is the source of energy for active transport?

  Cellular respiration
• Where does cellular respiration mainly occur?

  In the mitochondria
• What molecule stores energy for the cell?

  ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
• How do root hair cells absorb water and mineral ions?

  Through active transport against their concentration gradient
• Why do root hair cells have long hair-like protrusions?

  To increase surface area for absorption
• Why can't plants absorb minerals by diffusion?


  Because the minerals are at a higher concentration inside the cell
• What adaptation do root hair cells have to support active transport?

  They have lots of mitochondria
• What are the key features of active transport in root hair cells?


  • Movement against concentration gradient
  • Requires energy from cellular respiration
  • Occurs across cell membranes
  • Involves special proteins
  • Adapted with large surface area and many mitochondria
• What is the process of cellular respiration responsible for?


  • Producing energy for the cell
  • Occurs mainly in mitochondria
  • Breaks down glucose to release energy
• What is the function of ATP in cells?


  • Acts as an energy carrier
  • Stores energy from cellular respiration
  • Provides energy for various cellular processes
• How do root hair cells contribute to a plant's survival?

  • Absorb water and mineral ions
  • Use active transport to overcome concentration gradients
  • Adapted for efficient absorption with large surface area and mitochondria