AO1 - Proximity Situational Variable

• In Milgram’s original research the teacher and the learner were in separate rooms.
• Milgram's variation where the teacher and learner were seated in the same room, found that obedience levels dropped to 40%.
• In Milgram's variation with 'touch proximity' where teachers had to put learners hands on an electric shock plate, obedience levels dropped to 30%.
• In Milgram's variation where the experimenter left the room and gave telephone instructions, obedience dropped to 20.5%.
• When a buffer, like a wall is used, obedience levels are higher, as participants cannot see the direct consequences of their actions.