Henry Jenkins fandom theory

• Who is the theorist associated with fandom theory discussed in the guide?


  Henry Jenkins
• What role do audiences play in media production according to Henry Jenkins?


  Audiences are an important part of the media production, consumption, and distribution process
• What term does Jenkins use to describe people who love something?

  Fans
• How do fans contribute to media production according to Jenkins?


  Fans may send in their own ideas to their favorite creators
• In what way might fans distribute media products themselves?


  By sharing content with their friends online
• How do fans help interpret the meaning of media products?

  Fans analyze trailers and share their interpretations online
• What does Jenkins believe fans are responsible for in relation to media products?


  Constructing their own meanings and sharing them with others
• What is an example of fan-created content mentioned in the guide?

  • Fanfiction
  • Fan-made videos about personalities
• What has contributed to the rise of fan-made videos?

  Improvements in domestic technology
• How do fan-made products reflect changes in technology?


  They allow individuals to film and share videos easily online
• What does Jenkins feel about the prevalence of fan-made products?


  They are becoming increasingly common
• What is a common platform for fan-made videos mentioned in the guide?

  YouTube
• How do fan-made products contribute to the media landscape?


  They enhance engagement and interaction among audiences
• Who conducted research on fandom and audience reception?

  Henry Jenkins
• What does Jenkins' research extend from Hall's model?

  It explores fan readings of professional media
• How do fandoms reflect audience engagement according to Jenkins?

  They show audiences produce aberrant readings
• What impact do digital technologies have on audience-producer relationships?

  They create closer relationships through networking
• What term does Jenkins use to describe active audience engagement?

  Participatory culture
• What does participatory culture encompass according to Jenkins?

  DIY media practices and online communities
• Why is participatory culture considered a media game changer?

  It empowers audiences to effect social change
• What is fan appropriation according to Jenkins?

  • Fans create their own narratives
  • Fill gaps in original stories
  • Reflect audience desires and frustrations
• What is the title of Jenkins' 1992 book on fandoms?

  Textual Poachers
• What did Jenkins study in relation to pre-internet fandoms?

  Print-based fanzines and community building
• How did Jenkins describe early fan communities?

  More complex than initially credited
• What gap does fanfiction fill according to Jenkins?

  Between audience needs and producers' output
• What categories does Jenkins use to group fanfiction output?

  • Recontextualisations
  • Expanded series timelines
  • Refocalisations
  • Moral realignments
  • Crossovers
  • Personalisation
  • Eroticisation
• What are recontextualisations in fanfiction?

  Stories filling in missing scenes or backstory
• What do expanded series timelines provide?

  Imagined sequels for shows
• What do refocalisations do in fanfiction?

  Reposition minor characters as protagonists
• What do moral realignments in fanfiction provide?

  Backstories for antagonists and villains
• What are crossovers in fanfiction?

  Stories combining characters from different shows
• What do personalisations in fanfiction involve?

  Authors placing themselves in narratives
• What does Jenkins suggest about eroticisation in fanfiction?

  It explores erotic dimensions of characters' lives
• How do fans channel their collective voice according to Jenkins?

  Through campaigns and online petitions
• What role do fans play in the digital media landscape?

  They help market and distribute products
• What is transmedia storytelling?

  Products relayed across multiple platforms
• What strategies do media producers use for audience engagement?

  • Transmedia storytelling
  • Promotional preview material release
  • Twitter hashtags
• How do producers exploit fan power through promotional material?

  By releasing it through fan networks
• What do Twitter hashtags allow in fan debates?

  Channeling discussions and feedback
• What questions can help diagnose audience-producer convergence?

  • How do texts construct audience feedback?
  • What do fans communicate on social media?
  • Have campaigns changed any aspects of texts?
  • How does audience power shape texts?