AO1 - Types of Long-term Memory

• LTM is the storage of memories over a long period of time. The two main types are Declarative/ Explicit (knowing what something is) and Nondeclarative/ Implicit (knowing how something happens/is done).
• Episodic memory is our memory of personal experiences and significant events.
• Semantic memory is the memory of facts, meanings, and concepts from our experiences in the world.
• Procedural memories are motor/ muscle memories of how to do things, like ride a bike.
• Declarative memories are explicit memories that can be inspected and recalled consciously.
• Procedural memories are implicit in that we are typically unable to consciously recall them. We often do them without thinking.
• Episodic memory refers to any events that can be reported from a person’s life. These are episodes in your life that are emotionally significant to you that act as a mental diary of events.
• Flashbulb memories are detailed autobiographical episodic memories that are stored permanently in LTM when they are first learned, often because they were of emotional/ historical importance in that person’s life.
• Tulving (1985) proposed the idea that there are three LTM stores.