Non-communicable disease

• What is coronary heart disease?


  A layer of fatty material that builds up inside the coronary arteries, narrowing them
• What is the consequence of coronary heart disease?


  It results in a lack of oxygen for the heart
• What is a stent?


  A device inserted into a blocked artery to keep it open
• What is the purpose of a stent?


  To allow more blood and oxygen to the heart
• What are statins?


  Drugs that reduce blood cholesterol levels
• How do statins affect fatty material deposits?


  They slow the rate of fatty material deposits
• What is a faulty heart valve?


  A valve that doesn't open properly or leaks
• How can a faulty heart valve be treated?


  By replacing it with a biological or mechanical valve
• When do heart transplants take place?


  In cases of heart failure
• What are artificial hearts used for?


  To keep patients alive while waiting for a transplant or allow the heart to rest for recovery
• Define health.


  The state of physical and mental well-being
• What factors can affect health?

  Disease, diet, stress, exercise, life situations
• What is a risk factor?


  An aspect of lifestyle or substance in the body that can increase the risk of a disease developing
• Give five risk factors.

  Diet, smoking, exercise, alcohol, carcinogens
• What is cancer?


  A result of changes in cells that lead to uncontrolled growth and cell division by mitosis
• What are malignant tumours?


  Cancerous tumours that can spread to neighbouring tissues and other parts of the body
• What are benign tumours?


  Non-cancerous tumours that do not spread in the body
• What two types of risk factor affect the development of cancer?

  Lifestyle and genetic risk factors