P3 Chapter 10 APUSH vocab

• Who authored the Declaration of Independence?

  Thomas Jefferson
• What was significant about Thomas Jefferson's election?


  It marked the "Revolution of 1800," showcasing a peaceful transfer of power.
• Who was Sally Hemings?


  An enslaved woman owned by Thomas Jefferson.
• Why was Sally Hemings' relationship with Thomas Jefferson significant?


  It became a controversial topic used to criticize Jefferson and his party.
• Who was John Marshall?


  Chief Justice of the Supreme Court from 1801-1835.
• What principle did John Marshall's rulings establish?


  The principle of "judicial review."
• Who assisted the Lewis and Clark expedition?

  Sacajawea
• What was Sacajawea's role in the Lewis and Clark expedition?


  She served as a guide and translator.
• Who is known as the "Father of the Constitution"?


  James Madison
• What was James Madison's significance in U.S. history?


  He helped lead the Democratic-Republican Party and guided the country through the War of 1812.
• What does the term "Revolution of 1800" refer to?


  The presidential election where Thomas Jefferson defeated John Adams.
• What was the significance of the Revolution of 1800?


  It demonstrated a peaceful transition of power in the U.S.
• What was the Judiciary Act of 1801?


  A law that expanded the judiciary and created new federal judgeships.
• What was the significance of the Judiciary Act of 1801?


  It led to the appointment of "midnight judges" by John Adams.
• Who were the "midnight judges"?


  Judges appointed by John Adams in the final hours of his presidency.
• What was the significance of the midnight judges' appointments?


  They contributed to the landmark case Marbury v. Madison.
• What was the outcome of Marbury v. Madison?


  The establishment of the principle of "judicial review."
• Why is Marbury v. Madison significant in American history?


  It strengthened the judiciary's role in government.
• What was the Tripolitan War?


  A conflict between the U.S. and the Barbary States over piracy.
• What was the significance of the Tripolitan War?


  It demonstrated American military strength and secured trading routes.
• What was the Louisiana Purchase?


  The acquisition of approximately 828,000 square miles from France for $15 million.
• What was the significance of the Louisiana Purchase?


  It doubled the size of the U.S. and opened opportunities for westward expansion.
• What was the Corps of Discovery?


  An expedition led by Lewis and Clark to explore the Louisiana Territory.
• What was the significance of the Corps of Discovery expedition?


  It provided valuable information about geography and Native American cultures.
• What were the Orders in Council?


  British decrees that restricted neutral trade with France.
• What was the significance of the Orders in Council?


  They contributed to economic hardships for American merchants.
• What is impressment?


  The British practice of seizing American sailors for military service.
• Why was impressment significant?


  It was a major grievance leading to the War of 1812.
• What was the Chesapeake Affair?


  A 1807 incident where the British ship Leopard attacked the American frigate Chesapeake.
• What was the significance of the Chesapeake Affair?


  It outraged Americans and pushed the U.S. closer to war with Britain.
• What was the Embargo Act?


  Legislation that prohibited American ships from trading with foreign nations.
• What was the significance of the Embargo Act?


  It led to economic hardship and was unpopular, contributing to its repeal.
• What was the Non-Intercourse Act?


  A law that reopened trade with all nations except Britain and France.
• What was the significance of the Non-Intercourse Act?


  It aimed to pressure Britain and France to respect American neutrality.
• What was Macon’s Bill No. 2?

  An 1810 law that lifted trade restrictions with Britain and France.
• What was the significance of Macon’s Bill No. 2?

  It temporarily improved trade conditions but did not prevent the War of 1812.
• What was the Battle of Tippecanoe?


  A battle between American forces and Native American warriors in 1811.
• What was the significance of the Battle of Tippecanoe?


  It weakened Native American resistance to U.S. expansion.
• What are the key contributions of Thomas Jefferson to American history?


  • Authored the Declaration of Independence
  • Third U.S. president
  • Led the Democratic-Republican Party
  • Marked the "Revolution of 1800"
• What are the key contributions of John Marshall to the U.S. judiciary?


  • Chief Justice from 1801-1835
  • Established the principle of "judicial review"
  • Presided over significant cases like Marbury v. Madison