8.5

• What was the first challenge for the thirteen states after winning the War for Independence?

  To achieve unity
• Why were many people afraid of a strong government after gaining independence?


  It reminded them too much of the powerful British government
• What was the first plan of government agreed upon by the states?

  The Articles of Confederation
• What was a significant limitation of the Articles of Confederation?

  It had no power to tax
• What problem arose from the government’s inability to force states to provide money?


  The new government had little money for anything
• What was required for the Articles of Confederation to work properly?

  All of the states would have to agree all the time
• What does civil government refer to?


  A body or organization set up to rule the people of a certain area
• What are the two types of monarchy mentioned?

  Absolute monarchy and constitutional monarchy
• How does an absolute monarchy differ from a constitutional monarchy?


  An absolute monarchy has complete power, while a constitutional monarchy's power is limited by a constitution
• What is a dictatorship?


  A form of government ruled by a person with absolute authority who came to power by force
• What is a republic?


  A government in which the people elect officials to represent them
• What is the role of citizens in a republic?


  Citizens can vote to elect officials and become part of the government
• Who presided over the Constitutional Convention?

  George Washington
• What was the main purpose of the Constitutional Convention?


  To create a stronger government
• Who is considered the most important figure at the Constitutional Convention?


  James Madison
• What document was created at the Constitutional Convention?


  The Constitution of the United States
• How did the Founding Fathers view the role of God in the Constitutional Convention?


  They believed that God was at work in the convention
• What did Benjamin Franklin suggest to help the Constitutional Convention proceed more smoothly?


  To begin each morning with prayer
• What was the purpose of the new government as agreed upon by most delegates?

  To protect the freedoms discussed in the Declaration of Independence
• What balance did the delegates aim for in the new government?


  Powerful enough to protect freedoms but not so powerful as to take them away
• What type of government did the Founding Fathers establish for the United States?


  A constitutional republic
• What are the two houses of Congress?

  The Senate and the House of Representatives
• How does representation in the House of Representatives differ from the Senate?


  In the House, representation depends on population, while in the Senate, each state has equal representation
• What is the role of the Supreme Court in the new government?


  To interpret the Constitution and apply it to cases of national importance
• What did the individual states need to do after the Constitution was completed?


  Approve it
• What did Benjamin Franklin say when asked about the new government formed?


  A republic, if you can keep it
• What is the purpose of the Bill of Rights?


  To protect the freedoms of individuals and groups
• How does the Bill of Rights protect individual freedoms?


  It forbids the federal government from taking these freedoms away
• What does the Bill of Rights include regarding freedom of expression?


  The right to print and read what we want
• What right does the Bill of Rights guarantee for someone accused of a crime?


  The right to be tried by a jury in a court of law
• What was the delegates' belief regarding government power at the Constitutional Convention?


  They believed it was wise to avoid giving too much power to any one person or group
• How many amendments make up the Bill of Rights?

  Ten amendments
• What freedoms does the First Amendment protect?


  Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition
• What does the First Amendment say about religion?


  Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion
• What is significant about the United States regarding religious freedom?


  It was one of the first nations to allow people to practice any form of religion
• Who was the first President of the United States?

  George Washington
• Who was the first Vice President of the United States?

  John Adams
• How did George Washington travel to his inauguration?


  In a horse-drawn coach
• What was the public's reaction to George Washington's inauguration?


  People crowded the roads and cheered
• What did George Washington do on Inauguration Day?


  He took the oath of office with his hand on the Bible