Chapter 8

• What was the first permanent settlement built by the French in New France?

  Quebec
• Why did France build forts along the Ohio River?


  To strengthen their claim to the land
• What action did the French take as English colonists moved west of the Appalachians?


  They strengthened their forts and allied with American Indians
• How did the French persuade the American Indians to join their fight against the English?


  By claiming that the English settlers would destroy their hunting grounds
• What did bands of Indians do in the early 1700s?


  They raided English frontier settlements
• What happened to English settlers during the raids by Indians?


  They were often killed or taken captive
• What was the time frame of the French and Indian War in America?


  1754 to 1763
• What was the French and Indian War called in Europe?

  The Seven Years' War
• Who was sent by Governor Dinwiddie to deliver a message to the French officer at Fort le Boeuf?


  George Washington
• What was the purpose of Washington's journey to Fort le Boeuf?


  To ask the French to leave the Ohio Country
• What did Washington observe about the French preparations upon reaching Fort le Boeuf?


  That the English would have to fight for their claim
• What happened to Washington during his return journey from Fort le Boeuf?


  He nearly drowned in the icy Allegheny River
• What did Governor Dinwiddie decide to do after receiving the French officer's response?


  To raise a small army of colonists
• What rank was George Washington promoted to after his journey to Fort le Boeuf?


  Lieutenant Colonel
• Why did General Braddock come to America?


  To command all British forces in the North American colonies
• What was the British military strategy in contrast to the Indian fighting style?


  British soldiers fought in the open, while Indians used cover
• What was the outcome of the battle at Fort Duquesne?


  The British were defeated and General Braddock was killed
• How did George Washington demonstrate leadership during the battle at Fort Duquesne?


  He encouraged his fellow soldiers to keep fighting
• What happened to General Braddock after the battle?


  He died shortly after the battle
• What was the result of the British army's efforts after 1758?


  They began to take French forts in the Ohio Valley
• What was the significance of the victory at Quebec?


  It marked a turning point in the French and Indian War
• Why did the British believe they needed to capture Quebec?


  To prevent the French from rebuilding their strength in North America
• How did the British surprise the French during the attack on Quebec?


  They climbed the steep rock beside the St. Lawrence River at night
• What was the overall outcome of the French and Indian War for Britain?


  Britain gained control of North America east of the Mississippi River
• What freedom did American colonists gain after the French and Indian War?


  They were free to settle west of the Appalachians