PERIODIC TABLE PROPERTIES

• What are the alkali metals in Group IA?


  Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr
• What is the common property of alkali metals regarding their valence electrons?


  They have one valence electron that is easily removed.
• How does the ease of removal of the valence electron change in alkali metals?


  The ease of removal increases as atomic size increases.
• What is the reactivity level of alkali metals?


  They are the most reactive of all metals.
• Why are alkali metals not found in their free elemental form in nature?


  They are stable as cations and found in combination with other metals.
• What do alkali metals form when heated in hydrogen gas?


  They form white solid hydrides.
• Which alkali metal reacts readily with nitrogen at room temperature?


  Lithium reacts readily with nitrogen.
• What do alkali metals have a high affinity for?


  They have a high affinity for oxygen to form oxides.
• What happens when alkali metals react with water?


  They react vigorously to form hydrogen gas and a metallic hydroxide.
• Why are alkali metals stored under kerosene?


  To prevent their vigorous reaction with moisture in the air.
• What is the solubility of alkali metal salts in water?


  Virtually all salts of alkali metals are soluble in water.
• Which alkali metals can have water of hydration or crystallization?


  Only Li and Na salts can have water of hydration.
• What color does lithium produce in a flame test?


  Red
• What is the flame color of sodium?


  Yellow
• What color does potassium produce in a flame test?


  Violet
• What is the flame color of cesium?


  Blue
• What is the primary role of sodium in the body?


  It is the most abundant extracellular cation.
• What is potassium's role in the body?


  It is the predominant intracellular cation and has a diuretic effect.
• What condition can result from potassium deficiency?


  Hypokalemia, which leads to muscle weakness.
• What is the primary use of cesium in industry?


  It is used as a catalyst in the polymerization of resin-forming materials.
• What are the coinage metals in Group IB?


  Cu, Au, Ag
• What is a common property of coinage metals regarding their valence electrons?


  They have one electron in the valence shell followed by 18 electrons in the next shell.
• How do coinage metals differ from alkali metals in terms of reactivity?


  They are much less reactive chemically and stable in air.
• What type of bonds do coinage metals typically form?


  They form covalent bonds, especially with halides.
• How do coinage metals occur in nature compared to alkali metals?


  They occur freely in nature, unlike alkali metals.
• What is the primary use of copper?


  It is used in water purification.
• What is Wilson's disease associated with?


  Increased copper levels in the brain, liver, kidneys, and cornea.
• What is the antidote for copper toxicity in Wilson's disease?


  Penicillamine
• What is the primary property of silver salts?


  They are highly ionized and can inhibit the growth of microorganisms.
• What is the toxicity associated with silver?


  Argyria
• What is the primary property of gold?


  It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
• What is the only solvent that can dissolve gold?

  Aqua regia
• What are the alkali earth metals in Group IIA?


  Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra
• What is a common property of alkali earth metals regarding their cations?


  They form bivalent cations.
• How do alkali earth metals react with water?


  Except Be and Mg, they reduce water releasing hydrogen and an alkaline solution.
• What is the solubility of alkali earth metal salts?


  Salts formed are generally insoluble except for hydroxides.
• What is the flame color of calcium?


  Brick red
• What is the flame color of strontium?


  Crimson red
• What is the flame color of barium?


  Yellow green
• What is the flame color of radium?


  Carmine red