paper 2

• What are scalar quantities?


  Quantities that have only magnitude and no direction
• What are vector quantities?


  Quantities that have both magnitude and direction
• Give an example of a scalar quantity.


  Temperature
• Give an example of a vector quantity.


  Velocity
• What is a free body diagram used for?


  To show the forces acting on a particular object
• What is the difference between contact and non-contact forces?


  Contact forces exist only when surfaces touch, while non-contact forces can act at a distance
• What is an example of a non-contact force?


  Gravity
• Name the four contact forces.


  Friction, air resistance, tension, normal contact force
• What does Newton's third law state?


  For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
• How is mass defined?


  Mass tells us how much matter or how many atoms an object is made from
• How does weight differ from mass?


  Weight is the force acting on an object due to gravity, while mass is the amount of matter
• What determines the strength of a gravitational field?


  The mass of the object creating the gravitational field
• How does gravity affect weight on the Moon compared to Earth?


  Weight is smaller on the Moon due to its weaker gravitational field
• What is the relationship between weight and mass?


  Weight and mass are directly proportional
• How can weight be measured?

  Using a newtonmeter
• What does the resultant force represent?


  The overall force acting on an object
• What happens when the resultant force is zero?


  The object's motion does not change
• What is the formula for calculating force?


  Force = mass × acceleration
• What are the units for acceleration?


  m/s²
• What is the difference between elastic and inelastic deformation?


  Elastic deformation returns to original shape, while inelastic deformation does not
• What is Hooke's Law?


  Force is proportional to extension until the limit of proportionality is reached
• What happens when the limit of proportionality is exceeded?

  The spring may not return to its original shape
• How do you calculate elastic potential energy stored in a spring?

  Elastic potential energy = work done
• What is the significance of the gradient on a force-extension graph?


  The gradient represents the spring constant
• What is a moment in physics?


  The turning effect caused by a force applied at a distance from a pivot
• How do you calculate the moment?

  Moment = force × distance
• What is the formula for pressure?

  Pressure = force / area
• What is the unit of pressure?


  Pascals (Pa)
• How does pressure change with depth in a fluid?


  Pressure increases with depth due to the weight of the fluid above
• What is the relationship between force and area in terms of pressure?

  Pressure increases as force increases or area decreases
• What does it mean if a seesaw is not rotating?

  It means the clockwise and anticlockwise moments are balanced.
• How do we calculate moments?


  By multiplying force and distance.
• What are the units for a moment?


  Newton meters.
• How is pressure calculated?

  Pressure is force divided by area.
• What is upthrust?


  It is the resultant force that allows objects to float.
• How does atmospheric pressure change with altitude?


  It decreases as altitude increases.
• How is distance measured?


  In meters.
• How is displacement measured?


  In meters and has a direction.
• What are the standard international units for speed?


  Meters per second (m/s).
• What does a horizontal line on a distance-time graph indicate?


  It indicates that the object is stationary.