L2 | EMBODIMENT

• EMBODIMENT

  • BARSALOU, 2008
  • based on the idea that the mind is integrated into the body's sensorimotor systems, and cognitive processes are guided by body-based systems
• EMBODIMENT

  • theories state that thinking about an object or a person triggers the simulation of the experience itself
  • Manifestation of ideas (abstract)
  • "epitome"
  • Man is able to perceive and experience reality through his physical body.
• SIMILARITY OF SOUL AND SPIRIT

  • Immortal, noncorporeal essence of man
• SOUL

  • speaks of your inner life in relation to your own experience: your mind, heart, will, and imagination
  • Inner life of a person: encompassing their emotions, desires, thoughts and consciousness
• SOUL

  • Nephesh - In the old testament, this is used to refer to the soul
  • Genesis 2:7 
  • God breathed into Adam nostrils the breath of life and the man becomes a living soul, Nephesh
• SOUL

  • viewed as the seat of individuality and personal identity.
  • often linked to the earthly human aspect of a person’s existence
  • temporal earthly life
• SPIRIT

  • same inner-life in relation to God: your faith, hope, love, character, and perseverance.
  • often associated with the divine or higher aspect of a person, connecting them to God or the spiritual realm
• SPIRIT

  • Hebrew: Ruach
  • Greek: Pneuma
• SPIRIT

  • part of a person that can commune with God, receive divine revelation and be transform by the Holy Spirit
• SPIRIT

  • associated with the transcendent and divine.
  • spiritual and moral aspect that connects with God
  • eternal and has a direct relationship with God
• PHILOSOPHERS AND THEIR PERSPECTIVE:

  1. plato
  2. aristotle
  3. st. augustine
  4. st. aquinas
  5. Rene Descartes
  6. gabriel marcel
• PLATO

  • No distinction of spirit and soul
  • 3 PARTS:
  • Logos (mind or reason)
  • Thymos (emotion)
  • Eros (desire)
  • human mind is immortal and persists after the death of the body.
• ARISTOTLE

  • soul as integrated into the human body
  • soul is part of man’s essence which enables him to achieve his ultimate purpose
  • holds that the soul (psyche) is the form, or essence of any living thing; 
  • it is not a distinct substance from the body that it is in.
• ARISTOTLE

  • Body dies = soul and spirit dies
• ST. AUGUSTINE

  • soul as a “rider” on the body making clear the split between the material and the immaterial, with the soul representing the “true” person
  • Although body and soul were separate, it was not possible to conceive of a soul without its body
  • Body (material); Soul (immaterial)
• ST. AQUINAS

  • follows Aristotle in thinking that the soul inheres in a body which is a composite of matter and form
  • soul enables us to receive and perceive non-tangible things.
  • body could not be the principle of life because if that is so then everything that has a body can be living.
• ST. AQUINAS

  • soul as "principle of life" meaning that life without a soul is a death of a man.
  • agrees with Plato that the soul is immortal, immaterial, and a spiritual form.
  • soul is the principle for knowledge; distinct from the body.
• RENE DESCARTES

  • res cogitans - man is a thinking being 
  • res extensa - extended being
  • recognizes the unity of the body and soul.
  • considers unity unreachable by the human mind with certainty
• GABRIEL MARCEL

  • man as embodied subjectivity
  • Man's embodiment is to treat the body as a subject that performs concrete experiences
  • hence it does not make sense to separate the body from the soul.
• THE MIND-BODY PROBLEM

  • philosophical debate concerning the relationship between thought and consciousness in the human mind, and the brain as part of the physical body. 
  • the debate goes beyond addressing the mere question of how mind and body function chemically and physiologically.
• PHYSICALISM

  • physical processes determine the state of mind.
• IDEALISM

  • mental processes and thoughts are the only reality
• MONISM

  • human being is composed of elements that are neither physical or mental.
• DUALISM 

  • believes in the distinctiveness of the physical and mental nature of man
• HOW DOES THE SPIRIT DEFINE THE NATURE OF THE MAN?

  1. trichotomic view
  2. dichotomic view
  3. psychosomatic unity
• TRICHOTOMIC VIEW

  • man is composed of three essential parts: body, soul, and spirit. 
  • soul is defined as the component which gives man life and will
  • spirit enables man to establish connection with God
• DICHOTOMIC VIEW

  • no distinction between spirit and soul and views man as being composed of body and spirit.
• PSYCHOSOMATIC UNITY

  • man is of a single or unitary constitution, and that the body and spirit are inseparable and integrated
• THEOLOGY

  • discuss the nature of God and use philosophical tools to define and understand the concept of divinity and religion
• THEISM

  • belief in the existence of a God or several deities
• MONOTHEISM

  • believe in a single god
• POLYTHEISM

  • belief in or worship of more than one god.
• ATHEISM

  • lack of belief in gods.
• AGNOSTICISM

  • existence of God, the divine, or the supernatural is either unknowable in principle or unknown in fact.
• GOD

  • acknowledged as the Supreme Being
  • governs all existence
  • center of faith and devotion of a religion.
• 5 CHARACTERISTICS OF GOD:

  1. omniscience
  2. omnipotence
  3. omnipresence
  4. omnibenevolence
  5. eternal
• OMNISCIENCE

  • God is all-knowing
• OMNIPOTENCE

  • God is all-powerful
• OMNIPRESENCE

  • God is ever-present
• OMNIBENEVOLENCE

  • God is perfectly good, just, and all-loving