Genetics

• What is a characteristic of dominant traits in genetics?

  All affected individuals have at least one affected parent.
• Can two affected individuals have unaffected offspring in dominant inheritance?

  Yes, two affected individuals can have unaffected offspring.
• What happens to a dominant trait once it disappears?

  The trait cannot skip generations and will not reappear.
• How do affected males pass on dominant traits to their daughters?

  Affected males will have all daughters who are affected, even if the mother is not affected.
• Do affected males pass dominant traits to their sons?

  No, affected males will pass it to none of their sons.
• What is the chance of affected females passing on a dominant trait?

  Affected females have an equal chance of passing it to daughters and sons.
• Why are more females than males affected by dominant traits?

  More females than males will be affected because affected males pass it to all their daughters.
• Can affected individuals in recessive inheritance have unaffected parents?

  Yes, affected individuals can have two unaffected parents.
• What happens when two affected individuals reproduce in recessive inheritance?

  Two affected individuals must have all affected offspring.
• Can a recessive trait skip generations?

  Yes, the trait can skip a generation and reappear in the next generation.
• How do affected males pass on recessive traits to their daughters?

  Affected males will have all daughters who are either carriers or affected if the mother is affected.
• Do affected males pass recessive traits to their sons?

  No, affected males will pass it to none of their sons.
• How do affected females pass on recessive traits?


  Affected females will pass it to all their sons, and all their daughters will be carriers or affected if the father is affected.
• Why are more males than females affected by recessive traits?

  More males than females will be affected because females are more likely to pass the allele to their sons.
• Can two unaffected parents have affected offspring in recessive inheritance?

  Yes, two unaffected parents can have affected offspring.
• Are all sons of an affected female affected in recessive inheritance?

  No, all sons of an affected female are not necessarily affected.
• Can affected males pass on traits to their sons in autosomal inheritance?

  Yes, affected males can pass it to their sons even if the mother is not a carrier or affected.
• How do affected males and females transmit traits in autosomal inheritance?

  Affected males and females both have an equal chance of passing it to daughters and sons.
• What is the expected ratio of affected males to females in autosomal inheritance?

  Approximately equal numbers of males and females are affected.
• What are the key characteristics of dominant inheritance?

  • All affected individuals have at least one affected parent
  • Two affected individuals can have unaffected offspring
  • Trait cannot skip generations
  • Affected males pass it to all daughters, none to sons
  • Affected females pass it to both daughters and sons
  • More females than males affected
• What are the key characteristics of recessive inheritance?

  • Affected individuals can have two unaffected parents
  • Two affected individuals must have all affected offspring
  • Trait can skip generations
  • Affected males pass it to daughters, not sons
  • Affected females pass it to all sons, daughters may be carriers
  • More males than females affected
• What are the key characteristics of autosomal inheritance?

  • Transmission occurs equally among all sexes
  • All affected individuals have at least one affected parent
  • Trait cannot skip generations
  • Two affected parents will have all affected offspring
  • Two unaffected parents can have affected offspring