Lesson 2.2

• A programming language is a set of instructions and syntax used to create software programs.
• Syntax: The specific rules and structure used to write code in a programming language.
• Data Types: The type of values that can be stored in a program, such as numbers, strings, and booleans.
• Variables: Named memory locations that can store values.
• Operators: Symbols used to perform operations on values, such as addition, subtraction, and comparison.
• Control Structures: Statements used to control the flow of a program, such as if-else statements, loops, and function calls.
• Libraries and Frameworks: Collections of pre-written code that can be used to perform common tasks and speed up development.
• Paradigms: The programming style or philosophy used in the language, such as procedural, object-oriented, or functional.
• A programming language is a formal language that specifies a set of instructions for a computer to perform specific tasks. It’s used to write software programs and applications, and to control and manipulate computer systems.
• The basic components of a computer are:

  • Input unit

  • Central Processing Unit(CPU)

  • Output unit
• The CPU is further divided into three parts:

  • Memory unit

  • Control unit

  • Arithmetic Logic unit
• Software is a set of programs that performs multiple tasks together.
• A program is a set of instructions given to a computer to perform a specific operation. computer is a computational device that is used to process the data under the control of a computer program.
• High level languages are nearly human languages that are more complex than the computer understandable language which are called machine language, or low level language.
• Assembler - is used to convert assembly code into executable machine code.
• Fill in the Blank

  A) High level language

  B) Assembly language

  C) Machine language

  D) Computer hardware

  
• Algorithm: A step-by-step procedure for solving a problem or performing a task.
• Variable: A named storage location in memory that holds a value or data.
• Data Type: A classification that specifies what type of data a variable can hold, such as integer, string, or boolean.
• Function: A self-contained block of code that performs a specific task and can be called from other parts of the program.
• Control Flow: The order in which statements are executed in a program, including loops and conditional statements.
• Syntax: The set of rules that govern the structure and format of a programming language.
• Comment: A piece of text in a program that is ignored by the compiler or interpreter, used to add notes or explanations to the code.
• Debugging: The process of finding and fixing errors or bugs in a program.
• IDE: Integrated Development Environment, a software application that provides a comprehensive development environment for coding, debugging, and testing.
• Operator: A symbol or keyword that represents an action or operation to be performed on one or more values or variables, such as + (addition), – (subtraction), * (multiplication), and / (division).
• Statement: A single line or instruction in a program that performs a specific action or operation.
• Most of us have heard that CPU is called the brain of our computer because it accepts data, provides temporary memory space to it until it is stored(saved) on the hard disk, performs logical operations on it and hence processes (here also means converts) data into information.
• We all know that a computer consists of hardware and software.
• An operating system is also software (system software) that helps humans to interact with the computer system.