Early Attachment

• Who suggested that there is continuity between early attachment experiences and later relationships?

  Bowlby
• What does Bowlby mean by "internal working model"?


  It is a mental template for what a relationship is and how to behave.
• How do early attachments influence parenting styles?


  They serve as a template for how individuals raise their own children.
• What did Bailey et al. (2007) demonstrate regarding attachment styles?


  People are likely to raise their children similarly to how they were raised.
• What is a consequence of having a similar attachment type to that of one's parents?


  It leads to the attachment style being passed on through generations.
• How does the internal working model affect adult romantic relationships?


  It influences expectations of others and attitudes towards them.
• What might an insecure resistant individual struggle with in relationships?


  They may have trust issues and find it hard to commit.
• What can lead to the development of an attachment disorder in a child?


  Experiencing abuse or neglect during childhood.
• What are the key findings of Bailey et al. (2007) regarding attachment classification?


  • Majority of women studied had the same attachment classification to their babies and mothers.
  • Supports the idea of continuity in attachment styles.
• What did Hazan and Shaver find about securely attached children?


  • They had happier and longer-lasting relationships.
  • Insecurely attached individuals experienced more divorces and believed love was rare.
• What is a criticism of the deterministic view of early attachment influences?


  It suggests that poor-quality attachments inevitably lead to bad parenting and relationships.
• What evidence contradicts the deterministic view of attachment styles?


  Many insecurely attached children grow up to have strong, happy relationships.
• What did Fraley's meta-analysis reveal about early attachment types and later relationships?


  • Found correlations of up to 0.50 between early attachment types and later relationships.
  • Suggests some attachment types are more unstable over time.
• What did Simpson et al.'s longitudinal study find about securely attached children?


  • They were more expressive and emotionally attached in later romantic relationships.
  • Supports the claim that early attachment experiences influence adult relationships.
• What alternative explanation does Kagan propose regarding adult relationships?


  He suggests that innate personality factors determine the quality of adult relationships.
• How does the temperament hypothesis challenge Bowlby’s theories?


  It implies that attachment styles are irrelevant to adult relationships.
• What is a limitation of the research on early attachment and adult relationships?


  It often overlooks the role of life experiences and genetic factors.