Nutrient digestion

• What is the main focus of the lesson on animal feeding and nutrition?

  Understanding the digestion and absorption process for major nutrients.
• What are the different types of digestion mentioned in the lesson objectives?

  Mechanical, chemical, and microbial/fermentation digestion.
• Why do different animals require different diets?

  Because of their unique digestive systems and nutrient needs.
• In monogastric animals, where does the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats mainly occur?


  In the small intestine.
• What enzyme in saliva begins the digestion of carbohydrates?

  Amylase.
• What happens to carbohydrates in the small intestine?


  They are broken down into simple sugars by pancreatic amylase.
• What are the simple sugars absorbed from carbohydrates?

  Glucose, fructose, and galactose.
• How is glucose transported into the intestinal cells?


  Via active transport.
• What happens to glucose once it enters the bloodstream?


  It is transported to the liver for regulation and distribution.
• How are proteins initially broken down in the stomach?


  Into smaller chains of amino acids called polypeptides.
• What enzyme begins the digestion of proteins in the stomach?

  Pepsin.
• Where are amino acids absorbed in monogastric animals?


  Through the villi in the small intestine.
• What is the role of the liver in protein metabolism?


  To process and distribute amino acids for various functions.
• How are fats initially broken down in the small intestine?

  Through emulsification by bile.
• What enzyme breaks down emulsified fats into fatty acids and monoglycerides?

  Lipase.
• How are fatty acids and monoglycerides absorbed in the small intestine?


  Through the villi.
• What happens to fatty acids and monoglycerides inside the intestinal cells?


  They are reassembled into triglycerides.
• How are triglycerides transported after absorption?


  They are packaged into lipoproteins and enter the lymphatic system.
• What is the primary function of the rumen in ruminant animals?


  To allow microbial fermentation of fibrous plant material.
• What are the volatile fatty acids (VFAs) produced during carbohydrate digestion in ruminants?


  Acetate, propionate, and butyrate.
• How is propionate utilized in ruminant animals?


  It is transported to the liver and converted into glucose.
• What happens to undigested carbohydrates that reach the small intestine in ruminants?


  They are absorbed as glucose through the villi.
• How are proteins processed in ruminant animals?


  They are partly broken down by rumen microbes and digested in the abomasum and small intestine.
• What is the fate of fatty acids in ruminants after digestion?


  They are absorbed through the villi and transported via the lymphatic system.
• What is the role of mechanical digestion?


  The physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces.
• What is chemical digestion?


  The breakdown of food by enzymes and other chemicals into absorbable nutrients.
• What is the definition of digestion?


  The process by which food is broken down into smaller components that can be absorbed by the body.
• What is the function of enzymes in digestion?


  To speed up chemical reactions, including the breakdown of food.
• What is amylase?


  An enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates into simple sugars.
• What is protease?


  An enzyme that breaks down proteins into amino acids.
• What is lipase?


  An enzyme that breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol.