Recap: Key concepts from the behaviourist approach

• Classical Conditioning: Learning through association
• Association:

  US->UR->NS->CS->CR
• US:

  Unconditioned Stimulus-> elicits a natural or innate response.
• UR:

  Unconditioned Response-> the innate response to the natural stimulus.
• NS:

  Neutral Stimulus-> This doesn't cause response.
• CS:

  Conditioned Stimulus-> Previously NS, have been associated with US causes a learned response.
• CR:

  Conditioned Response-> learned response to conditioned stimulus.
• Operant Conditioning-> Learning which is shaped by consequences of behaviours.
• Positive reinforcement-> Receiving a reward when a certain behaviour is performed, for example a praise is given from a teacher for answering a question correctly in lesson.
• Negative Reinforcement-> Occurs when an animal or a human avoids something unpleasant.

  The outcome is a positive experience.

  Therefore, not doing your homework can get you a detention. The student would do their homework to not get the punishment of a detention.
• Punishment-> An unpleasant consequence of behaviour which decreases the likelihood of an act being repeated.