Migration FROM Britain

• ulster plantations- 1609-90


  • James I wanted to: strengthen rule in ireland, protestant influence, improve relationship and trading
  • He planted scottish and english protestants beacuse he trusted them and believed they were faithful to him
  • He planted them in ulster, in northen ireland
• impact of plantations 


  • strong protestant communtiy in ireland, that still exists now
  • irish viewed the plantations as an invasion so they resented the new population
  • population grew massivley with thousands of new settlers
  • religious conflict so much that led to the irish rebellion of 1641, and today ulster is divided between protestants and catholics with little interaction
  • wars meant land was damaged and famine
• Highland clearances- 1750-1860


  • many scottish took part in the jacobite rebellion of 1745 so british needed to reduce their power
  • landlord wanted more wealth so conviscated land for mass sheep farming especially since they faced competition through agriculture
  • british wanted to remove the clan system and culture- laws were passed to remove to their right to bear arms or wear traditional clothing
  • british removed them by burtal policies- evicting them of their ancestors land, sometimes by burning houses
• 1792 was known as...


  the year of the sheep
• impact of scottish migration from highland clearances 


  • scottish diaspora, the people who were displaced from scotland leading to now many people around the world having scottish ancestry
  • Migrated to australia, new zealand, canada, america(new york, new jersey, georgia), england,
  • impactful loss of the gaelic language
  • damaged landscape
  • romanticised writing of the highlands
• Newfoundland- 1497 


  • recieved immigrants from the highland clearances
  • economic- jobs in saltfish trading
  • mainly it was useful to british for privateers and pirates who could use it as a point to steal plunder from americans
  • south of the great circle route
  • colonial possesion- important due t0 the trade
• american colonies-

  • 1585- Roanoke was established by sir walter raliegh but failed
  • 1607- jamestown in virginia was the first succesful colony
  • 1620- new plymouth in massachusetts was the first permanent colony, founded by the pilgrim fathers
• migration to america- 


  • religious freedom
  • religious missionaries
  • freedom from government
  • economic- farming plantations, fishing, trading
  • new oppurtunity/life
  • civil war
• impact in indigenous americans 


  • number of native amercians halved
  • native americans moved inland to escape new colonists
  • affected by new diseases
  • conflict and tensions
  • however some collaborated with the colonists and some succeeded from this- Thanksgiving created through the harvest between americans and pilgrims
  • Powhatans had a compex relationship, anglo-powhatan war but then pocahontas married john rolfe
• australia

  • government actions- sending prisoners from overcrowded jails into australia, the indenture sytem- working to build the colony which impacted the economy by starting sheep farming, fishing and gold mining
• james cook disocvered australia in 1770
• within the empire 


  • people left for canada, america, south africa, australia, new zealand for a new life
  • schemes placed by government
  • most people gained jobs in engineering, farming, mining, building and women were tutors or maids
  • 1940s- escaping civil war in india, pakistan, bangladesh
  • 1950s- west indies
  • 1972- ugandan and kenyan asians moved to britain to escape their own government
• within britain


  • 1750-1900- industrial revolution meant there was huge urbanisation, and big towns were developing so there were many employment oppurtunities
  • urbanisation due to- immigrants from abroad (10% of manchester and 15% of liverpool were irish), and rural to urban as farming was seasonal and growth of machines meant less humans needed
  • cornish tin miners- moved up north as tin mines were being close down and they needed more jobs