Organic analysis

Cards (22)

  • What reagent is used to identify primary and secondary alcohols?

    Acidified potassium dichromate
  • What color change indicates the presence of primary or secondary alcohols when using acidified potassium dichromate?

    It turns from orange to green
  • What happens to potassium dichromate when tertiary alcohols are present?

    It remains orange
  • How can aldehydes be identified using Tollen's reagent?

    A silver mirror will form if an aldehyde is present
  • What is the result of adding Fehling's solution to an aldehyde?
    A brick red precipitate will form
  • What color does Fehling's solution remain if no aldehyde is present?
    Blue
  • What reagent is used to test for unsaturated hydrocarbons?
    Bromine water
  • What color change occurs when bromine water is added to an unsaturated hydrocarbon?
    It changes from orange-brown to colorless
  • How do carboxylic acids react with sodium carbonate?
    They produce CO<sub>2</sub>
  • What happens to limewater when CO<sub>2</sub> is bubbled through it?
    It turns cloudy
  • What is the purpose of mass spectrometry?
    To identify compounds and determine their molecular formula
  • What is the advantage of high resolution mass spectrometry?
    It allows the Mr of a substance to be determined to several decimal places
  • What does infrared spectroscopy use to determine functional groups?
    Infrared (IR) radiation
  • How do different types of bonds respond to infrared radiation in spectroscopy?
    They absorb the radiation in different amounts
  • What is produced from the measurements in infrared spectroscopy?
    A spectrum
  • What is the characteristic peak range for the -OH alcohol group in IR spectroscopy?
    3230 - 3550 cm<sup>-1</sup>
  • What is the characteristic peak range for the -OH acid group in IR spectroscopy?
    2500 - 3000 cm<sup>-1</sup>
  • What is the characteristic peak range for the C=C unsaturated group in IR spectroscopy?
    1620 - 1680 cm<sup>-1</sup>
  • What is the characteristic peak range for the C=O carbonyl group in IR spectroscopy?
    1680 - 1750 cm<sup>-1</sup>
  • What is the fingerprint region in an IR spectrum?
    It contains tiny differences that act as a molecule's fingerprint
  • How does infrared absorption contribute to global warming?
    It traps heat within the Earth's atmosphere
  • What effect do CFCs have on global warming?
    They enhance the heating effect